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81.
Russo-Netzer Pninit Horenczyk Gabriel Bergman Yoav S. 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2021,40(7):3450-3458
Current Psychology - Immigration has become a global phenomenon as part of modern life. However, immigrants often demonstrate negative emotional states following the immigration process, which may... 相似文献
82.
Byron D. Barnes Eileen Mason Mark R. Leary Jeff Laurent Carol GriebelAllen Bergman 《Journal of research in personality》1988,22(4)
People differ in the degree to which their identities are based on personal versus social identity characteristics. This experiment tested the hypothesis that people are most concerned about evaluations that are relevant to their salient identity orientation. The Aspects of Identity Questionnaire was used to classify subjects as low or high in personal and social identities. Subjects then anticipated taking a test, believing that their performance would be known by only them, by only a research assistant, by both them and a research assistant, or by no one. Subjects then completed thought-listing and self-report measures of evaluation apprehension. Subjects who scored high in social identity reacted more strongly to the social evaluation than subjects low in social identity. Although subjects high in personal identity were not particularly threatened by private feedback, personal identity seemed to buffer subjects against the threat of social-evaluation. The results are discussed in the context of recent work on private and public aspects of the self. 相似文献
83.
Pilotti M Bergman ET Gallo DA Sommers M Roediger HL 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2000,7(2):347-353
In this experiment, we examined the degree to which four implicit tests and two explicit tests, all involving auditory presentation,
were sensitive to the perceptual characteristics of the stimuli presented during study. Presenting stimuli visually decreased
priming in all the implicit memory tests, relative to auditory presentation. However, changing voice between study and test
decreased priming only in the implicit memory tests requiring identification of words degraded by noise or by low-pass filtering,
but not in those tests requiring generation from word portions (stems and fragments). Modality effects without voice effects
were observed in cued recall, but the opposite pattern of results (voice effects without modality effects) was obtained in
recognition. The primary new finding is the demonstration that auditory memory tests, both explicit and implicit, differ in
their sensitivity to the perceptual information encoded during study. 相似文献
84.
Regina Day Langhout Mindy E. Bergman Lilia M. Cortina Louise F. Fitzgerald Fritz Drasgow Jill Hunter Williams 《Journal of applied social psychology》2005,35(5):975-1007
The current study bridges literatures on sexual harassment, person‐environment systems, and stress and appraisal processes. Conventional wisdom equates severity of sexual harassment with type of harassment. We test this notion empirically and posit a more comprehensive model that examines both person‐ and situation‐level variables. Data came from 13,743 U.S. Armed Forces women responding to survey questions about a significant experience of sexual harassment. Multiple regression results indicate that pervasiveness of sexual harassment relates outcomes better than does type of sexual harassment. Pervasiveness and type interact to predict subjective appraisal of harassment. Additionally, according to multiple‐group structural equation models, appraisal mediates relations between pervasiveness and outcomes. Results further suggest that relations among sexual‐harassment antecedents and outcomes are consistent, regardless of the type of sexual harassment. These findings highlight the importance of examining both persons and situations when assessing sexual harassment severity. 相似文献
85.
Behavioral flexibility is considered by some to be one of the hallmarks of advanced cognitive ability. One measure of behavioral
flexibility is how subjects respond to novel objects. Despite growing interest in comparative cognition, no comparative research
on neophilia in wild primates has been conducted. Here, we compare responses to novel objects in wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) and geladas (Theropithecus gelada). Baboons and geladas are closely related taxa, yet they differ in their ecology and degree of social tolerance: (1) baboons
are habitat and dietary generalists, whereas geladas have one of the most specialized primate diets (90% grass); (2) baboons
exhibit an aversion toward extra-group individuals, whereas geladas typically exhibit an attraction toward them. Using subjects
of all age and sex classes, we examined responses to three different objects: a plastic doll, a rubber ball, and a metal can.
Overall, baboon subjects exhibited stronger responses to the objects (greater neophilia and exploration) than gelada subjects,
yet we found no evidence that the geladas were afraid of the objects. Furthermore, baboons interacted with the objects in
the same way they might interact with a potential food item. Responses were unrelated to sex, but immatures showed more object
exploration than adults. Results corroborate novel object research conducted in captive populations and suggest that baboons
and geladas have differences in behavioral flexibility (at least in this cognitive domain) that have been shaped by ecological
(rather than social) differences between the two species.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
86.
A considerable degree of research in cross‐cultural consumer psychology has focused on the effects of individualism–collectivism on consumer preference for advertising appeals. Recently, psychologists have demonstrated a growing interest in the individual‐level manifestations of individualism–collectivism. Idiocentrism refers to person‐level individualism, whereas allocentrism refers to person‐level collectivism. Drawing on individualism–collectivism theory, in this article we look at the lifestyle of idiocentrics and allocentrics. Our findings suggest a convergence between the etic‐ and emic‐level approaches, thus strengthening individualism–collectivism theory. The emic‐level findings of this study also suggest additional questions to be explored at the etic level. Finally, we make suggestions for applications in consumer communication. 相似文献
87.
Margaret Mahler's thinking, revolutionary for its time, led to the observational study of mother-infant pairs, followed almost day by day as the preverbal infant developed into a toddler whose increasing cognitive capacities made new demands on the mother's presence and emotional availability. The rapprochement crisis, as formulated based on these observations, is reexamined in the light of contemporary theory, and the concept of co-construction is used to show how mother and toddler repair misunderstandings and inevitable conflicts. With the growth of new verbal capacities during rapprochement, the toddler moves from early, sensorimotor interactions to interactions governed by language, in the process gaining new understanding of his or her emotional life. 相似文献
88.
NiCole T. Buchanan Mindy E. Bergman Tamara A. Bruce Krystle C. Woods Lauren L. Lichty 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(3):267-285
An analysis is presented of issues involved in the differences noted between female and male leaders of mixed-sex groups. After surveying some of the different types of reactions of followers of both sexes to female or male leaders, this paper calls attention to such contributing factors as the nature of the group task, attitudes of leader and followers toward appropriate sex roles, and the criterion measures used. Implications for future research are derived and discussed. 相似文献
89.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of physical health on neuropsychological test norms. Medical and neuropsychological data from 118 healthy volunteer controls, aged 26–91 years, were collected during five recruitment occasions. The examinations included a clinical investigation, brain neuroimaging, and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Test‐specific statistical regression‐weights for age, education and gender were calculated to establish preliminary test norms. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that control in addition for physical health moved best performance from age 60 to 65 for abstraction; replaced a plateau above age 70 for verbal fluency, with a continued rise in performance; eliminated significant negative influences of age on auditory learning, spatial reasoning and complex copying; reduced them on wordlist recall, psychomotor speed, visual scanning and mental shifting; and slightly reduced negative influences of low education on most verbal tests, several memory tests, and psychomotor speed, indicating rises in normative scores of up to 0.8 SD at age 80 and 0.4 SD at age 60. No differences were found at age 40. Although the sample size is not adequate to be used for normative data, the findings indicate that norms uncontrolled for health overestimate the negative influence of advanced age and low education, implying a risk of drawing false diagnostic conclusions. 相似文献
90.
Bergman JZ Rentsch JR Small EE Davenport SW Bergman SM 《The Journal of social psychology》2012,152(1):17-42
The present study examined the process of shared leadership in 45 ad hoc decision-making teams. Each team member's leadership behavior (n = 180) was assessed by behaviorally coding videotapes of the teams' discussions. The within-team patterns of leadership behavior were examined using cluster analysis. Results indicated that the likelihood of a team experiencing a full range of leadership behavior increased to the extent that multiple team members shared leadership, and that teams with shared leadership experienced less conflict, greater consensus, and higher intragroup trust and cohesion than teams without shared leadership. This study supports previous findings that shared leadership contributes to overall team functioning, and begins to delineate the extent to which team members may naturally share leadership. 相似文献