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Plausible personal events envisioned as occurring in the near future tend to be reported as more vivid than those set in the far future. Why is this? The present set of three experiments identified one’s familiarity with the location in which the event is placed as critical in this regard. Specifically, Experiment 1 demonstrated that amongst a wide range of phenomenological characteristics, clarity of location appears to drive the overall difference in vividness between events imagined to take place in the near and the far future. Experiments 2 and 3 were designed to further elucidate this finding. Experiment 2 demonstrated that near future events are more likely than far future events to be imagined in familiar locations. Experiment 3 showed that future events set in familiar locations tend to be imagined with greater clarity than those set in unfamiliar locations. The results of all three experiments converge on the conclusion that the difference in vividness of events imagined as occurring in the near and far future is mediated by one’s familiarity with the location in which the event is imagined to occur. 相似文献
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Recent work has shown that older adults' lessened inhibitory control leads them to inadvertently bind co-occurring targets and distractors. Although this hyper-binding effect may lead to the formation of more superfluous associations, and thus greater interference at retrieval for older adults, it may also lead to a greater knowledge of information contained within the periphery of awareness. On the basis of evidence that younger adults only show learning for statistical regularities contained within attended information, we asked whether older adults may also show learning for regularities contained within to-be-ignored information. Older and younger adults viewed a series of red and green pictures and performed a 1-back task on one of the colors. Unbeknownst to participants, both color streams were organized into triplets that occurred sequentially. Implicit memory for the triplets from both the attended and ignored streams was tested using a speeded detection task. Replicating previous work, younger adults demonstrated more learning for the attended triplets than the unattended triplets. Older adults, however, demonstrated similar learning for both the attended and ignored triplets, suggesting that contrary to popular belief, they may actually know more than younger adults about the world around them, including how seemingly irrelevant events co-occur. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
844.
An important consideration that needs adding to discussions of patient choice and whether or not men are reluctant to use primary care services is that many frequent attenders are male. The aim of this article is to explore how male frequent attenders construct decisions to use or not use health-care services. This is achieved through secondary analysis of baseline interviews with male frequent attenders from the Self Care in Primary Care study. As this was a complex study, a three-step analytic process was employed to incorporate the involvement of multiple researchers working together over a number of years. First, the interviewer summarised each interview and second, the summaries were read as a group to find themes across them. Subsequently, we returned to the interviews to add detail that would further illustrate or challenge the analysis. Participants talked of 'engaging health and avoiding ill-health', constructing themselves as embodied, health conscious and rational in a similar vein to constructions of feminine interactions with health. While participants talked of 'choosing health services' as if they were drawing upon a range of choices, the dominance of the image of the GP was such that seeing a GP was the only legitimate health choice. 相似文献
845.
Dunkley DM Schwartzman D Looper KJ Sigal JJ Pierre A Kotowycz MA 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2012,19(2):211-223
The present study sought to illuminate self-criticism and personal standards dimensions of perfectionism and dependency as
specific cognitive-personality vulnerability factors that might contribute to a better understanding of numerous psychosocial
problem areas that are relevant to coronary artery disease (CAD). One hundred and twenty-three patients diagnosed with clinically
significant CAD completed self-report questionnaires. Zero-order correlations and factor analysis results revealed that self-criticism
was primarily related to personality vulnerability (aggression/anger/hostility, Type D negative affectivity) and psychosocial
maladjustment (depressive symptoms, worry, avoidant coping, support dissatisfaction), whereas personal standards was primarily
related to adaptive coping (problem-focused coping, positive reinterpretation) and dependency was primarily related to worry.
Hierarchical regression results demonstrated the incremental utility of self-criticism, personal standards, and dependency
in relation to (mal)adjustment over and above aggression/anger/hostility, negative affectivity, and social inhibition. Continued
efforts to understand the role of perfectionism dimensions and dependency in CAD appear warranted. 相似文献
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Gert Scheerder PhD Alexandre Reynders MA Karl Andriessen MA Chantal Van Audenhove PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2010,40(2):115-124
Health and community professionals have considerable exposure to suicidal people and need to be well skilled to deal with them. We assessed suicide intervention skills with a Dutch version of the SIRI in 980 health and community professionals and psychology students. Suicide intervention skills clearly differed among professional groups and were strongly related to experience, especially suicide‐specific experience. Some community professionals scored below acceptable levels on their ability to respond appropriately to suicidal people they encounter, and tended to overestimate their skills level. Training is therefore indicated for these groups, and may be useful to more highly experienced groups too. 相似文献
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