Ursprung und Entwicklung,Typen und Funktionen der Zeichen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Sex of leader,leader behavior,and subordinate satisfaction

A 2×2×2 factorial design was employed to examine the influence of instructed leadership style, sex of leader, and sex of followers on leader behavior, subordinate satisfaction, and productivity in a simple task. In general, male and female leaders were equally able and equally willing to display autocratic and democratic leadership styles if so instructed. Similarly, leader sex did not have a significant influence on subordinate satisfaction or productivity either by itself or in interaction with leadership style or follower sex.     

The formation of reference systems in visual motion perception

Summary In visual perception complex movements are usually split up into components — e.g., in such a way that a moving reference system is applied, to which partial movements can be related. In the following experiment a perceptual vector analysis of this kind was investigated. It was shown that 1) a radial translatory movement (relative component) can be isolated perceptually from a rotatory movement (global component) and that 2) the precision of this decomposition of the complex movement is dependent on the strength at which the rotating reference system is anchored perceptually.The authors wish to thank M. Rauterberg for collecting the experimental data     

马克思基于人的“自我异化”对资产阶级-资本主义世界的解释

洛维特认为,在黑格尔、费尔巴哈和马克思之间存在一种概念的历史谱系,那就是他们在各自的思想中都探讨了人,对人做出了定义,所不同的是,人在他们思想中的地位和对人的探讨的科学性是不一致的.人在黑格尔的绝对精神的体系中没有独立的地位和客观性;费尔巴哈将人定义为抽象的"我-你"关系,从而使人失去了他的社会历史基础;马克思则通过对人存在于其中的社会生产方式的分析,实现了对人的真实的阐释.同时,马克思试图克服资本主义条件下所产生的人的自我异化现象,并以共产主义社会中"真正的人道主义"来标识人的解放,来打破在资本主义社会中人的目的和手段、对象和人、使用价值和交换价值、主体和客体间相互关系的颠倒.