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861.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats, trained to perform a delayed-non-match-to-sample eight-arm radial maze task, were implanted with a single cannula aimed at the medial septal nucleus. A within-subjects design was utilized to examine the effects of intraseptal administration of bicuculline (0.5 micrograms) on performance of this task with 1- and 4-h delay intervals imposed between choices four and five. Administration of bicuculline immediately following the first four choices produced an impairment in maze performance at both a 1- and a 4-h delay interval. This treatment also produced an increase in latency per choice. Bicuculline-induced impairments were not observed when administered 2 h following the predelay session (2 h prior to testing). These data support previous observations that pharmacological manipulation of GABAergic activity within the septum modifies working memory processes. 相似文献
862.
C A Netto J T Valente J B Borges-Sobrinho J Lasevitz C A Tomaz 《Behavioral and neural biology》1991,55(1):114-122
Rats were exposed to an open field with flashing light (OFL; 60-W lamp, 30 Hz, for 7 min) 2 h after training and/or 2 h before testing in a two-way active avoidance task (30 trials, 0.5-mA footshock). Post-training OFL presentation caused retroactive interference, i.e., a retrieval impairment/amnesia for the avoidance task. Pretest OFL exposure reversed the post-training OFL-induced retrieval deficit. Diazepam (2.0 mg/kg), atropine (2.0 mg/kg), and methylatropine (0.1 mg/kg) administered before post-training OFL presentation blocked the OFL amnesic effect. However, these drugs did not counteract the pretest OFL-induced recovery of retrieval. Atropine and methylatropine administered 2 h before testing to rats receiving only post-training OFL presentation canceled the OFL-interfering effect. These results suggest: (1) that the amnesic effect of post-training OFL is due to failure of retrieval of the avoidance task, (2) that the reversal of this retrieval impairment by pretest OFL exposure may involve either priming or state-dependent mechanisms, and (3) that there are different modulatory mechanisms involved in post-training and pretest OFL effects. 相似文献
863.
Sex Roles - Essentialism, or the belief that certain categories have fundamental, intrinsic, and stable essences, pervasively influences social judgments. Among the many groupings that describe... 相似文献
864.
Lauren M. Lee-Rowland Joyce H. L. Lui Devon Bortfeld Christopher T. Barry Shari Reiter 《Aggressive behavior》2020,46(3):278-286
Narcissism and callous-unemotional (CU) traits have demonstrated relations with youth aggression across studies. However, different forms of narcissism and internalizing problems may exacerbate the relation between CU traits and aggression. To that end, the current study examined the degree to which interactions among internalizing problems, CU traits, and dimensions of narcissism related to aggression in a sample of 219 adolescents (83.1% males), ages 16–19, enrolled in a military-style residential program. Consistent with previous research, psychopathy-linked narcissism significantly moderated the relation between CU traits and aggression. Addtionally, self-reported aggression was highest among adolescents who endorsed high levels of CU traits, psychopathy-linked narcissism, and internalizing problems. The same pattern of results was not evident for other forms of narcissism. These results suggest that internalizing problems further increase the probability of aggression among adolescents with psychopathic tendencies (i.e., CU traits, psychopathy-linked narcissism). Further implications are discussed. 相似文献
865.
Jessica Gonzalez-Voller A. Elizabeth Crunk Sejal M. Barden Shaywanna Harris Christopher T. Belser 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2020,98(3):308-318
The purpose of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes in master’s-level counselor trainees’ (N = 78) self-perceptions of their multicultural counseling competence over the course of their counseling program. Multilevel modeling results indicated an increase in scores across 3 time points. The authors discuss study limitations and how counselors and counselor educators can incorporate the study’s findings into their practice and into the education and supervision of counselor trainees. 相似文献
866.
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - Normal aging is often associated with a performance decline on various cognitive tests, including paired associate learning (PAL), where participants are asked... 相似文献
867.
Across the lifespan and across populations, humans ‘overimitate’ causally unnecessary behaviors. Such irrelevant‐action imitation facilitates faithful cultural transmission, but its immediate benefits to the imitator are controversial. Over short time scales, irrelevant‐action imitation may bootstrap artifact exploration or interpersonal affiliation, and over longer time scales it may facilitate acquisition of either causal models or social conventions. To investigate these putative functions, we recruited community samples from two under‐studied populations: Yasawa, Fiji, and Huatasani, Peru. We use a two‐action puzzle box: first after a video demonstration, and again one month later. Treating age as a continuous variable, we reveal divergent developmental trajectories across sites. Yasawans (44 adults, M = 39.9 years, 23 women; 42 children, M = 9.8 years, 26 girls) resemble documented patterns, with irrelevant‐action imitation increasing across childhood and plateauing in adulthood. In contrast, Huatasaneños (48 adults, M = 37.6 years, 33 women; 47 children, M = 9.3 years, 13 girls) evince a parabolic trajectory: adults at the site show the lowest irrelevant‐action imitation of any demographic set in our sample. In addition, all age sets in both populations reduce their irrelevant actions at Time 2, but do not reduce their relevant‐action imitation or goal attainment. Taken together, and considering the local cultural contexts, our results suggest that irrelevant‐action imitation serves a short‐term function and is sensitive to the social context of the demonstration. 相似文献
868.
Playfulness is an individual differences variable at the trait-level. It describes the ability to experience or (re)frame everyday situations as stimulating, interesting, and/or entertaining. Playfulness in adolescents is understudied. We collected self-report data on four facets of playfulness (other-directed, lighthearted, intellectual, and whimsical) in two German-speaking samples of adolescents (N1 = 210, N2 = 270; age range 13–18 years). The facets correlated positively, but to varying degrees with life satisfaction (social life, self, friends) and intrinsic goals. There was no relationship with self-reported school grades and achievement goals (Sample 1). Playfulness in girls was associated with peer-nominated (classmates) bullying behaviors and victimization status (Sample 2). Overall, the findings show that playfulness has an impact on various domains of the life of adolescents. We discuss directions for further research in the field. 相似文献
869.
James Brielle T. Webster Mackenzie F. Menzel Charles R. Whitham Will Beran Michael J. 《Animal cognition》2020,23(5):861-869
Animal Cognition - Errors of source monitoring are widespread human memory challenges, and our memories are subject to distortion upon the presentation of subsequent misinformation. Less is known... 相似文献
870.