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排序方式: 共有174条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
Kathryn H. Howell Julie B. Kaplow Christopher M. Layne Molly A. Benson Bruce E. Compas Ranka Katalinski 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(1):88-104
Background and Objectives: The vast majority of youth who lived through the Bosnian war were exposed to multiple traumatic events, including interpersonal violence, community destruction, and the loss of a loved one. This study examined factors that predict post-war psychological adjustment, specifically posttraumatic stress, in Bosnian adolescents. Design: Regression analyses evaluated theorized differential relations between three types of post-war stressors – exposure to trauma reminders, loss reminders, and intrafamilial conflict – specific coping strategies, and posttraumatic stress symptom dimensions. Methods: We examined 555 Bosnian adolescents, aged 15–19 years, to predict their long-term posttraumatic stress reactions in the aftermath of war. Results: Findings indicated that post-war exposure to trauma reminders, loss reminders, and family conflict, as well as engagement and disengagement coping strategies, predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms. Secondary control engagement coping responses to all three types of post-war stressors were inversely associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms, whereas primary control engagement coping responses to family conflict were inversely associated with hyperarousal symptoms. Disengagement responses to trauma reminders and family conflict were positively associated with re-experiencing symptoms. Conclusions: These findings shed light on ways in which trauma reminders, loss reminders, and family conflict may intersect with coping responses to influence adolescent postwar adjustment. 相似文献
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This study tested the effects of culture and self‐construals (i.e., independence and interdependence) on predispositions toward verbal communication. For the purpose of this study, we focused on two main areas of verbal communication predispositions: (a) communication apprehension and (b) argumentativeness. In our path model, we expected that culture‐level individualism increases one's construal of self as independent, which, in turn, leads to a higher degree of argumentativeness and a lower level of communication apprehension. We also expected that culture‐level individualism decreases one's construal of self as interdependent, which, in turn, leads to a lower degree of argumentativeness and a higher level of communication apprehension. Data to test the model were drawn from undergraduates (N=539) studying in Korea, Hawaii, and mainland U.S. The data were partially consistent with the theoretical predictions made. The implications of the results for theory and practice are discussed. 相似文献
94.
Robert C. Colligan Norman H. Rasmussen David C. Agerter Kenneth P. Offord Michael Malinchoc Megan M. O’Byrne Joanne T. Benson 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(2):98-119
For more than 60 years it has been known that profiles from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), obtained
from medical patients, are elevated when scores are plotted using general population norms. These elevations have been most
apparent on the neurotic triad (NTd), the first 3 clinical scales on the MMPI profile. More than 45 years have passed since
a nonreferred, normative sample of MMPIs was established from 50,000 consecutive medical outpatients. We present comparable
but contemporary normative data for the revised MMPI (MMPI-2) based on a nonreferred sample of 1,243 family medicine outpatients
(590 women; 653 men). As true for the original MMPI, contemporary medical outpatients have profiles that are significantly
different, clinically and statistically, from the general population norms for the MMPI-2. This is particularly evident in
elevations on the NTd. New normative tables of uniform medical T (UMT) scores were developed following the procedures used
to create the uniform T scores for the MMPI-2. Measures of internal consistency are reported; test-retest reliability was
established over a mean of 3.7 weeks, and results characterizing the stability of the validity and clinical scales are presented. 相似文献
95.
Steele RG Van Allen J Benson ER Hunter HL McDermott D 《Journal of personality assessment》2008,90(4):375-381
A large literature has examined the associations between Weinberger, Schwartz, and Davidson's (1979) repressive adaptive style (RAS) construct and various self-report measures of distress or unpleasant emotional states in adults and children. Fewer investigations have examined the role of RAS in self-reported positive psychology constructs. In this investigation, we used Weinberger et al.'s (1979) categorical typology to examine the associations between adaptive style and hope in Euro-American (n = 60) and Mexican American (n = 49) children (M age = 11.4 years) who were students at 1 of 3 parochial schools in a large Midwestern city. Partially supporting the hypotheses, a univariate 2 (ethnic group) x 2 (repressor group) analysis of variance indicated a significant main effect for adaptive style group but no significant main effect for ethnic group and no significant interaction effect. Results extend the literature on the associations between adaptive style and self-report instruments and indicate that (similar to self-reported measures of distress) self-reported hope may be subject to social desirability bias. 相似文献
96.
Rapid detection of person information in a naturalistic scene 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A preferential-looking paradigm was used to investigate how gaze is distributed in naturalistic scenes. Two scenes were presented side by side: one contained a single person (person-present) and one did not (person-absent). Eye movements were recorded, the principal measures being the time spent looking at each region of the scenes, and the latency and location of the first fixation within each trial. We studied gaze patterns during free viewing, and also in a task requiring gender discrimination of the human figure depicted. Results indicated a strong bias towards looking to the person-present scene. This bias was present on the first fixation after image presentation, confirming previous findings of ultra-rapid processing of complex information. Faces attracted disproportionately many fixations, the preference emerging in the first fixation and becoming stronger in the following ones. These biases were exaggerated in the gender-discrimination task. A tendency to look at the object being fixated by the person in the scene was shown to be strongest at a slightly later point in the gaze sequence. We conclude that human bodies and faces are subject to special perceptual processing when presented as part of a naturalistic scene. 相似文献
97.
Richards HJ Hadwin JA Benson V Wenger MJ Donnelly N 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2011,18(5):883-889
In the present study, we explored the proposition that an individual’s capacity for threat detection is related to his or
her trait anxiety. Using a redundant signals paradigm with concurrent measurements of reaction times and eye movements, participants
indicated the presence or absence of an emotional target face (angry or happy) in displays containing no targets, one target,
or two targets. We used estimates of the orderings on the hazard functions of the RT distributions as measures of processing
capacity (Townsend & Ashby, 1978; Wenger & Gibson, Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance, 30,708–719, 2004) to assess whether self-reported anxiety and the affective state of the face interacted with the level of perceptual load
(i.e., the number of targets). Results indicated that anxiety was associated with fewer eye movements and increased processing
capacity to detect multiple (vs. single) threatening faces. The data are consistent with anxiety influencing threat detection
via a broadly tuned attentional mechanism (Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, & Calvo, Emotion, 7,336–353, 2007). 相似文献
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Pastoral Psychology - 相似文献