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41.
Abraham P. Buunk Thecla M. Brakel Femke T.C. Bennenbroek Heidi E. Stiegelis Robbert Sanderman Alfons C. M. Van den Bergh Mariët Hagedoorn 《欧洲人格杂志》2009,23(6):475-487
The present study examined how the effects of three audiotapes containing different types of social comparison information on the mood of cancer patients depended on the level of neuroticism. On the procedural tape, a man and woman discussed the process of radiation therapy, on the emotion tape, they focussed on emotional reactions to their illness and treatment, while on the coping tape they focussed on the way they had been coping. A validation study among 115 students showed that the tapes were perceived as they were intended. The main study was conducted among 226 patients who were about to undergo radiation therapy. Compared to patients in the control group, as patients were higher in neuroticism, they reported less negative mood after listening to the procedural and the coping tape. Furthermore, as patients were higher in neuroticism, they reported less negative mood after listening to the coping tape than to the emotion tape. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
42.
Faking the Desire to Learn: A Clarification of the Link Between Mastery Goals and Academic Achievement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABSTRACT— Research on achievement goals has demonstrated that mastery goals positively impact achievement-related outcomes, but paradoxically hold an inconsistent relation with academic achievement. We hypothesized that this relationship depends on the reason why students endorse mastery goals—namely, to garner teachers' appreciation (social desirability) or to succeed at university (social utility). First-year psychology students completed a mastery-goal scale in a standard format, with social-desirability instructions and social-utility instructions. Participants' grades on academic exams were recorded later in the semester. Results indicated that students' perceptions of both social desirability and social utility related to mastery goals moderated the relationship between the endorsement of mastery goals and final grades. This relationship was reduced by the increase of perceived social desirability of mastery goals, and strengthened by the increase of perceived social utility of these goals. 相似文献
43.
Two themes run through Kierkegaard’s authorship. The first defines existential requirements for “becoming human”—reflective
honesty and earnest humor. The second demarcates the religious phenomena of sobriety when human becoming suffers insurmountable
collisions. Living with existential pathos teaches the difference between the either/or logic of collisions and the both/and
logic of development and transitions. There is a difference between self-transformation and a progressive individual and social
development. In the developmental mode self experiences gradual progression or adaptive evolution; in the self-transformative
mode self undergoes qualitative upsurges, leaps, gestalt switches, musical key transpositions of becoming in individual and
social evolutions. Each individual in every epoch begins at the beginning. The author traces the movements of becoming in
their parallel dimensions, drawing a fork through Kierkegaard’s writing. The first leads through the existence spheres of
his pseudonymous authorship. The second intensifies the movement on the spot and in the moment.
相似文献
Martin Beck MatuštíkEmail: URL: http://www.public.asu.edu/~mmatusti |
44.
The purposes of this study were to model the development of indirect aggression among a nationally representative sample of 1,401 Canadian children aged 4 at T2, 6 at T3, 8 at T4 and 10 at T5, and to examine predictors of trajectory group membership from T1 (age 2) child, familial, and parenting variables. Using a semi-parametric group-based modeling approach, two distinct trajectories were identified: "increasing users" comprising of 35% of the sample and "stable low users" comprising of 65% of the sample. Using logistic regression analyses to distinguish these two groups, we found that for girls, more frequent, increasing use of indirect aggression was associated with prior prosocial and physically aggressive behavior, low SES and low parental social support at age 2. For boys, increasing use of indirect aggression was associated with prior parenting issues at age 2-inconsistency and less positive parent-child interactions. Although this study provides unique information regarding the early development of indirect aggression and its predictors, more longitudinal research is needed to fully understand its development. 相似文献
45.
This paper reports on the interim results of an evaluation study which followed a group of disordered-delinquent adolescents discharged from a long-term residential treatment program. Findings from the first cohort of adolescents tested at admission and discharge with the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) indicate statistically significant improvement in all the areas of self-concept, significant decreases in all areas of psychopathology, and no systematic response set at either testing. The research design is unique in that, without a control group, competing interpretations of treatment effectiveness have been ruled out. Using design features, clinical observation, and common sense, four competing explanations of the favorable results have been eliminated. Both the instrument and research design are of interest to those undertaking evaluation research in underfunded settings where control groups are difficult to obtain due to financial or logistical problems. 相似文献
46.
In this article Schön and Rein’s views about policy controversies and their resolution are introduced and critically examined. The broader context of their argument can be found in the emergence of the “negotiatory state,” where public policy is made in coproduction between interdependent actors in shared-power settings. Policy controversies, conceived of as conflicts rooted in clashes between the action frames that actors employ when they define problems and propose solutions to public issues, constitute a challenge to this institutional logic of policy-making. Schön and Rein’s book is largely devoted to identifying ways to resolve them. This article revisits their conceptualization of controversies, reassesses their implications for the integrity of the policy-making process, and places their proposed philosophy of “design rationality” in a broader repertoire of ways to cope with frame multiplicity and frame conflict in public policy-making. 相似文献
47.
Slow potential changes were recorded over the vertex (Cz) during a choice reaction task. The constant interstimulus interval (ISI) between the visual warning (S1) and the visual imperative signal (S2) was either 200, 400, 1000 or 2000 msec. The contingent negative variation (CNV) was not only measured between S1 and S2 (CNV2), but also before S1 (CNV1).The main results were: (1) The CNV2 amplitude showed significant variation as a function of ISI. It reached its maximum with an ISI of 1000 msec. (2) CNV1 developed only before the short ISIs (200 and 400 msec). (3) When CNV1 and CNV2 were summed the differences in CNV amplitudes and durations between different ISIs became smaller. (4) The peak-to-peak amplitude P1-N1 of the potential evoked by S1 was enhanced with short ISIs. (5) The correlations between mean CNV and median reaction time (RT) were low but significant for ISIs of 400, 1000 and 2000 msec. When, however, the effect of subjects was partialized out these correlations were drastically reduced, whereas the partialization of session and block effects had no noticeable influence on these correlations. (6) The correlations between single RT and single CNV (measured for the ISI of 1000 msec, individually for two subjects) were weak or even completely lacking.The main conclusion was that CNV coincides with preparedness to react to a stimulus in a choice RT-task, but its amplitude at the moment of onset of the imperative stimulus does not reflect, or reflects weakly, the degree of preparedness (as indicated by RTs) at that moment. 相似文献
48.
There are ample data suggesting that a spatial difference between two competing auditory messages provides a better basis for selective attention and listening than other differences. The present experiments show that the spatial difference (left vs. right ear) between two auditory inputs leads to their faster discrimination than even large differences in frequency (in the same ear). These results might explain the afore-mentioned privileged status of the spatial dimension as a basis of selective attention: spatial differences lead in faster identification of relevant or attended input than differences in other dimensions. 相似文献
49.
50.
Examination of adolescents' negative thoughts, depressive mood, and family environment. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The focus of this study was the relationship among adolescents' negative thoughts, depressive mood, and family environment. Three hundred eleven students (aged 16 and 17 years) in public and private schools served as subjects. They were administered the Family Environment Scale, the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Family cohesion was found to be related to the degree of negative thoughts and depressive mood of the adolescents, but perceived control within the family was not. 相似文献