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931.
People falsely endorse semantic associates and morpheme rearrangements of studied words at high rates in recognition testing.
The coexistence of these results is paradoxical: Models of reading that presume automatic extraction of meaning cannot account
for elevated false memory for foils that are related to studied stimuli only by their visual form; models without such a process
cannot account for false memory for semantic foils. Here we show how sentence and list study contexts encourage different
encoding modes and consequently lead to different patterns of memory errors. Participants studied compound words, such as
tailspin and floodgate, as single words or embedded in sentences. We show that sentence contexts led subjects to be better able to discriminate
conjunction lures (e.g., tailgate) from old words than did list contexts. Conversely, list contexts led to superior discrimination of semantic lures (e.g.,
nosedive) from old words than did sentence contexts. 相似文献
932.
Cheryl R. Kaiser Benjamin J. Drury Kerry E. Spalding Sapna Cheryan Laurie T. O’Brien 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(3):556-559
Do Americans think that, because of Barack Obama’s election, affirmative action and other policies that address racial injustice are no longer necessary? In this study, we examined this question by assessing participants’ perceptions of racial progress and support for remedying racial injustice both prior to and after Barack Obama’s presidential victory. Following the election, participants increased their perception that racism is less of a problem in the US today than in times past. They also expressed less support for policies designed to address racial inequality. Given the continued prevalence of racial disparities in virtually all aspects of American society, these results raise important implications for the status of policies aimed at eliminating racial injustice. 相似文献
933.
Ludy T. Benjamin Jr. 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2009,45(4):400-402
934.
Benjamin Mossel 《Philosophia》2009,37(2):307-333
Some philosophers have argued that refraining from performing an action consists in actively keeping oneself from performing
that action or preventing one’s performing it. Since activities must be held to be positive actions, this implies that negative
actions are a species of positive actions which is to say that all actions are positive actions.
I defend the following claims:
相似文献
(i) | Positive actions necessarily include activity or effort, negative actions may require activity or effort, but never include the activity or effort which may be required. |
(ii) | Unless it is, or was, at some time in P’s power to Q, P does not refrain from Q-ing. |
(iii) | Negative actions are actions, they are causings of negative facts. |
Benjamin MosselEmail: |
935.
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938.
Benjamin Lennertz 《Ratio》2020,33(3):163-172
Contextualism about many expressions faces a common objection: in some discourses it appears that there is no single interpretation which can explain how a speaker is justified in making her assertion and how a hearer with different information or standards is justified in negatively evaluating what the speaker said. According to the Multiple Proposition Strategy, contextualists may attempt to explain these competing features pragmatically in terms of different propositions in play. In this paper I argue against the Multiple Proposition Strategy, first focusing on epistemic modals and then generalising the results to other expressions. I show how when purportedly contextualist terms are embedded in belief reports, we get similar problems but that the Multiple Proposition Strategy does not provide a satisfactory explanation of such cases. I suggest, therefore, that we reject the Multiple Proposition Strategy in favour of a theory that explains the unembedded and embedded cases in similar ways. 相似文献
939.
Odors are strong elicitors of affect, and they play an important role in guiding human behavior, such as avoiding fire or spoiled food. However, little is known about how risky decision making changes when stimuli are olfactory. We investigated this question in an experimental study of risky decision making with unpleasant odors and monetary losses in a fully incentivized task with real outcomes. Odor and monetary decisions were matched so that monetary losses corresponded to the amount of money participants were willing to pay to avoid smelling an odor. Hierarchical Bayesian analyses using prospect theory show that participants were less sensitive to probabilities when gambling with odors than when gambling with money. These results highlight the importance of taking the sensory modality into account when studying risky decision making. 相似文献
940.
Benjamin Kilborne 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》1992,28(4):352-370
Positivism is a subject about which much is said, yet little understood. Of central importance for the history of the social and behavioral sciences, Postivism appears in widely various guises: as logical positivism of the Vienna School, as a sort of anti-theoretical empiricism against which many theoreticians have railed, and as a doctrine of faith for the regeneration of a broken society. Concentrating on the latter, the author inquires into the development of Positivism in nineteenth-century France in the writings of Saint-Simon, Comte, and Durkheim, all of whom emphasized the role of faith in determining certainty, or, at the very least, in keeping doubt at bay. The thinking of these French Positivists is then linked with the pragmatism of William James. 相似文献