The role of muscle tension in “repression”

Using an active partial avoidance conditioning paradigm, muscle tension was conditioned to a verbal conditional stimulus (CS), and recall of words semantically unrelated and related to the CS was tested under conditions of three levels of induced muscle tension with 20 subjects (Ss). Results showed the expected decrease in latency of response with moderate tension for all stimuli during the pretreatment period and for the unrelated words during the posttreatment period and a significant increase in latency of response for the related words during the posttreatment period. It is suggested that if the level of muscle tension associated with the conditional response (CR) is induced in Ss, then recall of CS-related material will be inhibited or “repressed.”     

Creative Collaboration in Young Children’s Playful Group Drawing

Collaborations that lead to creative outputs occur within different group contexts and with diverse populations, including young children. Two cases of collaborative drawing are presented in this article to consider how young children engage in creative collaboration by negotiating meaning with others through open-ended group drawing. We conceptualize group drawing as a form of social play where children can advance personal creative abilities through interactions and shared understandings with others. The two cases derive from a study that examined young children's group play through drawing. A preschool class of 16 children (aged 4–5) was observed during free play over eight 1-hour sessions. Children were free to come and go as they pleased from an art station consisting of large drawing surfaces and a variety of drawing materials. Findings from the two selected cases suggest the development of shared meaning supports creative collaboration in group drawing situations, as children use a variety of verbal and non-verbal strategies to communicate their ideas. Implications are offered for early childhood educators and environments seeking to promote creative collaboration.     

In Memory of Anthony Stevens: A Career Retrospective with Emphasis on His Formative Role in the Archetype Debate

This paper celebrates the life and legacy of psychiatrist and Jungian author Anthony Stevens, who passed away at age 90 on July 13, 2023. It outlines Stevens's origins as a research fellow in Greece, where his work on infant attachment led to a lifelong dedication to establishing the biological and evolutionary foundation of psychiatry. It details his instrumental role in the debate about the theory of archetypes and describes the current state of the literature including the responses and reactions to Stevens's biological innatist position. The paper concludes with a career retrospective in which Stevens's major works are introduced and briefly described.     

The ministry of counseling

Conclusion Somewhere in religion there is the awareness of and reach toward a divine agency beyond the purely human, whether the divine activity is conceived to be found in Holy Scripture, or a divinely guided Church, or in the stilling of creaturely thoughts in a Friends meeting. All religion asks of psychotherapy is that God be given a chance to will and to do of his good pleasure in us. Religion may fearlessly ally itself with a therapeutic spirit in which the role of man is the humble one of providing the field of action for the Holy Spirit. The therapist is a Christ-bearer, as we are all called to be Christ-bearers in our measure, confirming the intimation of the Spirit that we are sons of God and capable of growing into his image from glory to glory.     

Vasopressin,maternal behavior,and pup well-being

The brain peptide, vasopressin (VP), was studied with respect to its effects on maternal care in rearing natural and cross-fostered pups. Long-Evans (LE) rats synthesize hypothalamic VP; whereas, Brattleboro (DI) rats do not produce this peptide. Long-Evans dams exhibited superior maternal care when compared with DI dams when rearing their own as well as foster pups. This enhanced behavior was evidenced by the higher survival rate of pups reared by LE mothers compared to those reared by DI mothers. Later, when the offspring were subjected to the stress of 23 hours of food restriction each day, LE animals reared by their natural mothers survived for a significantly longer period of time and developed significantly less stomach pathology than DI animals reared by their natural mothers or LE foster mothers. The results demonstrated that the secondary factor of maternal care in the absence of VP was of little consequence in the characteristic difficulties observed in DI offspring.