全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1605篇 |
免费 | 98篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 34篇 |
2020年 | 47篇 |
2019年 | 55篇 |
2018年 | 65篇 |
2017年 | 83篇 |
2016年 | 86篇 |
2015年 | 68篇 |
2014年 | 69篇 |
2013年 | 231篇 |
2012年 | 131篇 |
2011年 | 95篇 |
2010年 | 56篇 |
2009年 | 63篇 |
2008年 | 73篇 |
2007年 | 65篇 |
2006年 | 53篇 |
2005年 | 36篇 |
2004年 | 35篇 |
2003年 | 32篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1703条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
191.
192.
J. Adam Carter Benjamin Jarvis Katherine Rubin 《Australasian journal of philosophy》2013,91(2):249-263
We argue that the so-called ‘Primary’ and ‘Secondary’ Value Problems for knowledge are more easily solved than is widely appreciated. Pritchard, for instance, has suggested that only virtue-theoretic accounts have any hopes of adequately addressing these problems. By contrast, we argue that accounts of knowledge that are sensitive to the Gettier problem are able to overcome these challenges. To a first approximation, the Primary Value Problem is that of understanding how the property of being knowledge confers more epistemic value on a belief than does the property of being true. The Secondary Value Problem is one of understanding how, for instance, the property of being knowledge confers more epistemic value on a belief than does the property of being jointly true and justified. We argue that attending to the fact that beliefs are continuing states reveals that there is no difficulty in appreciating how knowledge might ordinarily have more epistemic value than mere true belief or mere justified true belief. We also explore in what ways ordinary cases of knowledge might be of distinctive epistemic value. In the end, our proposal resembles the original Platonic suggestion in the Meno that knowledge is valuable because knowledge is somehow tied to the good of truth. 相似文献
193.
194.
ABSTRACTAs more people time shift their televsion viewing and engage in online discussions about entertainment media, public concern over spoilers, the premature disclosure of narrative outcomes, has increased. This article reports results from two experiments and a survey that reassess and extend recent findings about the impact of spoilers on enjoyment. Relying on audiovisual media, the studies test processing fluency as a mediator, and involvement, need for cognition, and need for affect as moderators. Study 1 suggested that genre and involvement can moderate negative effects of spoilers on enjoyment of scenes from television and film. Study 2 illustrated that spoilers for upcoming films are more likely to trigger psychological reactance than substantially impact enjoyment and viewing intentions. Finally, Study 3 showed that spoilers for a television series adapted from novels are beneficial for audience responses if the adaptation is faithful to the source. Partial support was obtained for mediation via processing fluency, and involvement and need for affect moderated some effects of spoilers. Taken as a whole, the findings illustrate that, just as in previous experiments using short stories, spoilers for television and film appear to have quite small and qualified effects on audience responses to these programs. 相似文献
195.
Benjamin K. Sovacool 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2013,13(5):W1-W7
The issue of how to best minimize scientific misconduct remains a controversial topic among bioethicists, professors, policymakers, and attorneys. This paper suggests that harsher criminal sanctions against misconduct, better protections for whistleblowers, and the creation of due process standards for misconduct investigations are urgently needed. Although the causes of misconduct and estimates of problem remain varied, the literature suggests that scientific misconduct—fraud, fabrication, and plagiarism of scientific research—continues to damage public health and trust in science. Providing stricter criminal statutes against misconduct is necessary to motivate whistleblowers and deter wrongdoers, and the provision of basic due process protections is necessary for ensuring a fair and balanced misconduct investigation. 相似文献
196.
Benjamin D. Jee David H. Uttal Dedre Gentner Cathy Manduca Thomas F. Shipley Bradley Sageman 《Cognitive processing》2013,14(2):175-187
A central issue in education is how to support the spatial thinking involved in learning science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). We investigated whether and how the cognitive process of analogical comparison supports learning of a basic spatial concept in geoscience, fault. Because of the high variability in the appearance of faults, it may be difficult for students to learn the category-relevant spatial structure. There is abundant evidence that comparing analogous examples can help students gain insight into important category-defining features (Gentner in Cogn Sci 34(5):752–775, 2010). Further, comparing high-similarity pairs can be especially effective at revealing key differences (Sagi et al. 2012). Across three experiments, we tested whether comparison of visually similar contrasting examples would help students learn the fault concept. Our main findings were that participants performed better at identifying faults when they (1) compared contrasting (fault/no fault) cases versus viewing each case separately (Experiment 1), (2) compared similar as opposed to dissimilar contrasting cases early in learning (Experiment 2), and (3) viewed a contrasting pair of schematic block diagrams as opposed to a single block diagram of a fault as part of an instructional text (Experiment 3). These results suggest that comparison of visually similar contrasting cases helped distinguish category-relevant from category-irrelevant features for participants. When such comparisons occurred early in learning, participants were more likely to form an accurate conceptual representation. Thus, analogical comparison of images may provide one powerful way to enhance spatial learning in geoscience and other STEM disciplines. 相似文献
197.
Steven L. Lancaster Stephen E. Melka Benjamin F. Rodriguez Andrew R. Bryant 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(4):414-429
This study extends research examining posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following different types of potentially traumatic events. Specifically, the study examined and compared the symptom patterns observed in those who suffered a major accident, the unexpected death of a loved one, or sexual assault. Based on recent findings, this project also examines those who reported nontraumatic (but stressful) events, as well as comparing symptom patterns across gender. Findings suggest different types of traumas might be associated with differences in severity and patterns of symptoms for women (but not for men), suggesting symptom patterns manifest differently in men and women. Results also call into question the assumption that traumatic events demonstrate different symptom patterns than other types of events. 相似文献
198.
Benjamin Balas 《Visual cognition》2013,21(9-10):1138-1164
The other-race effect emerges during infancy following the perceptual narrowing of face recognition. Other-race faces that were previously discriminable in early infancy cannot be distinguished by older infants. I discuss a Bayesian model of this process that posits that the other-race effect may be a consequence of learning to distinguish between intrapersonal variation (changes to face appearance that preserve identity) and extrapersonal variation (changes that do not preserve identity) in a visual environment in which a subset of race categories dominate. I demonstrate that race categories, which I have previously argued are a critical precursor to the emergence of the other-race effect in infancy, are a natural by-product of this model. Perceptual narrowing for race may thus be a natural consequence of visual experience and the estimation of face variability based on a growing number of exemplars. I describe the basic architecture of the model, its applicability to a range of visual learning scenarios, and identify critical choices one faces in applying the model to a specific perceptual task. Despite the success of the model in accounting for these behavioural results, I conclude by identifying important shortcomings of the model and describe important challenges for future efforts to characterize the development of the other-race effect computationally. 相似文献
199.
Benjamin Osayawe Ehigie Olanrewaju Wahab Otukoya 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(4):389-399
The study examines the generalizability of perceived organizational support (POS) and perceived fair interpersonal treatment (PFIT) as positive correlates of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in Nigeria. In a study conducted, 207 lower management employees of National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), a government-owned enterprise in Nigeria, were selected as participants. Standardized psychological scales measuring POS, PFIT, and three facets of OCB (helping, civic virtue, and sportsmanship) were administered. Data analysed using Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analysis (controlling gender, age, and tenure) respectively showed independent and joint positive association of POS and PFIT with OCB and each of its three dimensions. It is concluded that to enhance OCB among employees of organizations, especially government-owned enterprises in Nigeria, management need to device policies and put in place programmes that would ensure enhanced organizational support and fair interpersonal treatment. 相似文献
200.
Benjamin T. Mast Susan E. MacNeill Peter A. Lichtenberg 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(1):21-37
The goal of the current study is to demonstrate a new methodology that can be used in neuropsychological research concerning differential diagnosis research. The multiple indicators, multiple causes (MIMIC) model is a latent variable methodology which can examine group differences on individual tests while controlling group differences in global cognitive impairment. As a demonstration, neuropsychological data from 217 dementia patients were incorporated into a MIMIC model to examine the influence of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) upon (1) dimensions of global cognitive impairment and (2) upon individual tests after controlling for global impairment. The presence of CVD in dementia (i.e., vascular dementia [VaD]) was not significantly related to dimensions of global impairment. In addition, the presence of CVD within dementia did not significantly contribute to impairment on 9 out of 10 neuropsychological tests/subscales examined after controlling global cognitive impairment. These results are discussed in the context of current vascular dementia research, and are focused primarily upon the MIMIC model methodology and suggestions for its use in future research. 相似文献