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31.
Sven Ove Hansson 《Erkenntnis》2008,69(1):31-54
Specified meet contraction is the operation ?\div defined by the identity K ?p = K ~ f(p)K \div p = K \,{\sim}\, f(p) where ∼ is full meet contraction and f is a sentential selector, a function from sentences to sentences. With suitable conditions on the sentential selector, specified
meet contraction coincides with the partial meet contractions that yield a finite-based contraction outcome if the original
belief set is finite-based. In terms of cognitive realism, specified meet contraction has an advantage over partial meet contraction
in that the selection mechanism operates on sentences rather than on temporary infinite structures (remainders) that are cognitively
inaccessible. Specified meet contraction provides a versatile framework in which other types of contraction, such as severe
withdrawal and base-generated contraction, can be expressed with suitably chosen properties of the sentential selector. 相似文献
32.
Strømsvik N Nordin K Berglund G Engebretsen LF Hansson MG Gjengedal E 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(1):105-117
This qualitative study explores how 29 Swedish patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) experience living
with the condition, appraisal of the clinical follow-up program, and surveys their future expectations. The aim of this study
is to build knowledge about this patient group in order to provide optimal care. The participants describe physical, psychological,
and social limitations in their daily activities and how these limitations influence quality of life. Our findings indicate
that a majority of patients have adjusted to their situation, describing themselves as being healthy despite physical symptoms
and treatment. The participants received decent care in the clinical follow-up program, - however, greater effort should be
put into patient information. These patients might benefit from genetic counseling. Health professionals involved should recognize
their potential impact and influence on a patient’s ability to adjust to these circumstances. Antonovsky`s Sense of Coherence
theory is used to discuss these findings. 相似文献
33.
Sven Ove Hansson 《国际科学哲学研究》2009,23(3):237-243
A definition of pseudoscience is proposed, according to which a statement is pseudoscientific if and only if it (1) pertains to an issue within the domains of science, (2) is not epistemically warranted, and (3) is part of a doctrine whose major proponents try to create the impression that it is epistemically warranted. This approach has the advantage of separating the definition of pseudoscience from the justification of the claim that science represents the most epistemically warranted statements. The definition is used to explain why proponents of widely divergent criteria for the demarcation between science and pseudoscience tend to be in almost complete agreement on the particular demarcations that should presumably be based on these general criteria. 相似文献
34.
35.
A Survey of non-Prioritized Belief Revision 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sven Ove Hansson 《Erkenntnis》1999,50(2-3):413-427
This paper summarizes and systematizes recent and ongoing work on non-prioritized belief change, i.e., belief revision in which the new information has no special priority due to its novelty. 相似文献
36.
Sven Ove Hansson 《Synthese》1992,91(3):239-245
In the most common approaches to belief dynamics, states of belief are represented by sets that are closed under logical consequence. In an alternative approach, they are represented by non-closed belief bases. This representation has attractive properties not shared by closed representations. Most importantly, it can account for repeated belief changes that have not yet been satisfactorily accounted for in the closed approach. 相似文献
37.
Arne Öhman Gunilla Burell Bengt Ramund Nancy Fleischman 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1992,14(1):21-54
This study examined the factorial structure of data generated in the Videotaped Structured Interview for assessment of Type A behavior. Based on the literature, it was argued that there are at least three distinct concepts of Type A behavior, focused on competitiveness and pressured drive, speech characteristics, and hostility, respectively. These three concepts were clearly represented among the factors from factor analyses based on data from 282 subjects. Three factors represented speech and psychomotor characteristics, where the first reflected interactions between subject and interviewer (e.g., response latency, interruptions), the second tempo of speech (accelerating, dysrhythmic and rapid speech), and the third oral gestures (e.g., expiratory sighs). Hostility was reflected in two factors, one defined by emotional intensity (e.g., anger when recalling paat event) and the other hostility expressed towards the interviewer. Pressured drive dominated a content factor reflecting self-awareness of Type A behavior. Finally, there was one factor related to psychomotor tension. Through further factor and item analyses, it was possible to combine these factors into three homogeneous and moderately intercorrelated subscales of Type A behavior reflecting Hostility, Speech Characteristics, and Self-Awareness of Type A behavior. These scales showed good interrater agreement and stability over two years. The Self-Awareness Scale was highly correlated with self-report measures of Type A behavior. The Hostility Scale, on the other hand, was moderately related to measures of Type A behavior, anger and hostility, but was unrelated to anxiety. The Speech Characteristic Scale, finally, was virtually unrelated to psychometric measures. 相似文献
38.
Sven Ove Hansson 《Synthese》1996,109(3):401-412
Rationality postulates for preferences are developed from two basic decision theoretic principles, namely: (1) the logic of preference is determined by paradigmatic cases in which preferences are choice-guiding, and (2) excessive comparison costs should be avoided. It is shown how the logical requirements on preferences depend on the structure of comparison costs. The preference postulates necessary for choice guidance in a single decision problem are much weaker than completeness and transitivity. Stronger postulates, such as completeness and transitivity, can be derived under the further assumption that the original preference relation should also be capable of guiding choice after any restriction of the original set of alternatives. 相似文献
39.
40.
The Effects of Mandatory Time Limits in the Voting Booth on Liberal-conservative Voting Patterns 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robert O. Hansson John P. Keating Carmen Terry 《Journal of applied social psychology》1974,4(4):336-342
One hundred and forty college students, in either (a) 2-minute time-limit or (b) a no-time-limit condition, voted their conscience on actual pending legislation in their state in a test of hypothesis that such time limits in the voting booth created a stimulus overload situation. Such a situation was expected to result in dysfunctional adaptation responses, with unintended effects on voting patterns. Results indicated that subjects in the time stress condition voted significantly more conservatively on these issues. This conservative shift is interpreted as a function of overload, with serious political implications for urban planners, whose response to increasing population density often has been to increase the tempo by which citizens are processed through the cities'institutional and social services. 相似文献