排序方式: 共有74条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Morein-Zamir S Nagelkerke P Chua R Franks I Kingstone A 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2004,11(6):1034-1040
Inhibiting movements has been investigated widely using the countermanding (stop signal) paradigm. Although it has been assumed that response inhibition, as measured by the countermanding task, generalizes to all forms of stopping, this has never been tested. In the present study, stopping performance in the countermanding paradigm was compared with stopping performance in a new paradigm in which a continuous-tracking task was used. Although stimulus presentations were matched across paradigms, the two tasks differed in the type of stopping required. In the countermanding paradigm, response inhibition latency was measured prior to response execution-this is, it was inferred from the successful withholding of a go response. In the new paradigm, response inhibition was carried out after response execution-that is, it was measured as the time to begin stopping a continuous tracking response. Results indicated that stopping latencies between the two paradigms were highly correlated, providing strong evidence that stopping an unexecuted response engages the same mechanisms as stopping an ongoing response. 相似文献
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The present paper explored the relation of wealth and support for self-determination to national subjective well-being (SWB).
Support for self-determination was considered from both a political and cultural values standpoint. The results confirmed
associations between wealth, support for self-determination, and well-being in a large sample of countries. Importantly, political
and cultural value supports for self-determination remained significantly associated with national well-being (as measured
by happiness reports and life expectancy) even after controlling for national differences in wealth.
相似文献
Michelle DownieEmail: |
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It is generally believed that accuracy and confidence in one's memory are related, but there are many instances when they diverge. Accordingly it is important to disentangle the factors that contribute to memory accuracy and confidence, especially those factors that contribute to confidence, but not accuracy. We used eye movements to separately measure fluent cue processing, the target recognition experience, and relative evidence assessment on recognition confidence and accuracy. Eye movements were monitored during a face-scene associative recognition task, in which participants first saw a scene cue, followed by a forced-choice recognition test for the associated face, with confidence ratings. Eye movement indices of the target recognition experience were largely indicative of accuracy, and showed a relationship to confidence for accurate decisions. In contrast, eye movements during the scene cue raised the possibility that more fluent cue processing was related to higher confidence for both accurate and inaccurate recognition decisions. In a second experiment we manipulated cue familiarity, and therefore cue fluency. Participants showed higher confidence for cue-target associations for when the cue was more familiar, especially for incorrect responses. These results suggest that over-reliance on cue familiarity and under-reliance on the target recognition experience may lead to erroneous confidence. 相似文献
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Fook K. Chua 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2013,75(3):440-455
Previous studies of top-down attentional guidance have focused generally on the attentional prioritization of a single target feature. The present study focused on how the attentional system would be configured when the target possesses several unique features. These features were perfectly correlated, which meant that monitoring just one of them would be an adequate strategy. The experiments addressed the following questions: (a) If the target is a singleton, would the attentional system be set to monitor the target’s unique features, or would the search strategy default to singleton detection? (b) Can the target’s static and dynamic features be prioritized simultaneously? (c) Are all of the target’s features prioritized, or only those features that are diagnostic of targethood? The results revealed an attentional system that can be flexibly tuned to multiple target features across static and dynamic dimensions. This system can simultaneously be narrowly tuned to monitor a specific target feature and broadly tuned to detect singletons. Finally, the attentional system monitors only those features that are diagnostic of targethood. 相似文献
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Two groups (n = 10 in each) practiced a novel, bimanual coordination pattern that was demonstrated on video. One of the groups received augmented video feedback of their own responses after each trial following a demonstration. The video-feedback group showed better performance in acquisition and retention than the no-feedback group. On error-detection tests, the video-feedback group was better able to distinguish between correct and incorrect movement patterns. The authors concluded that video feedback helps to make relative phase information salient by aiding the discrimination process. Prepractice ability on a scanning task revealed that individuals who persevered with inphase-type movements, even though the task demands dictated otherwise, had the most difficulty determining and subsequently performing the required movement. Video feedback helped them to compensate for those difficulties. 相似文献
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Chua FK Goh J Hon N 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2001,27(5):1229-1242
This set of 6 experiments used a 2-target rapid serial visual presentation paradigm to address 2 main questions: (a) What is the nature of the code retrieved from nontarget (i.e., unselected) items? and (b) How do the processing demands of the target affect the nature of the codes extracted from its proximate distractors? There were 3 main results: First, unless a nontarget receives attentional processing, its codes remain dormant. The type of activated codes depends on the perceptual load imposed by the other items that also underwent processing. Second, the item trailing the target invariably gets processed, but those farther downstream are excluded. If target selection is exacting, the codes of the item leading the target may also be enhanced. Third, the magnitude of the attentional blink increases with target selection difficulty; it is, however, unaffected by the perceptual load imposed by the target. 相似文献
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Chua FK 《Perception & psychophysics》2005,67(5):770-788
In this set of five rapid serial visual presentation experiments, observers identified one or two target letters that were embedded in a stream of distractors. Target contrasts were varied, and their effects on the attentional blink (AB) were examined. Target identification improved when its contrast was increased. But whereas an increase in the first target's (T1) contrast facilitated its identification, the recovery of the second target (T2) was paradoxically hampered (Experiments 2 and 5). Similarly, identification of the target suffered when the preceding singleton's contrast was increased (Experiment 1). The AB was eliminated by inserting a blank after a low-contrast, but not a high-contrast, T1 (Experiment 5). Increasing T2's contrast attenuated the blink (Experiment 3) and compensated the larger AB caused by a high-contrast T1 (Experiment 4). In all, these results showed that attention continued to be engaged as long as the target's contrast prolonged its perceptibility. When the high-contrast target was T1, a larger AB was produced; when it was T2, there was protection from substitution masking. 相似文献
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Morein-Zamir S Nagelkerke P Chua R Franks I Kingstone A 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2006,59(12):2148-2161
Two experiments explored stopping performance using a new stimulus-response compatibility effect spanning action initiation and stopping. Participants tracked a sometimes-moving, sometimes-stationary target by controlling the speed of a response marker via a force sensor. In the compatible condition, participants pressed the sensor in response to the target moving and stopped pressing in response to the target stopping. In the incompatible condition, participants stopped pressing in response to the target moving and initiated pressing in response to the target stopping. Response initiation and stopping were found to be faster under compatible than under incompatible conditions, regardless of whether compatible and incompatible trials were blocked or mixed. These findings indicate that stopping, like response initiation, is influenced by stimulus-response properties such as compatibility. This in turn suggests that stopping is governed by constraints similar to those of other behaviours. 相似文献