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81.
Kundey SM De los Reyes A Royer E Molina S Monnier B German R Coshun A 《Animal cognition》2011,14(2):291-302
Humans frequently interact with strangers absent prior direct experience with their behavior. Some conjecture that this may
have favored evolution of a cognitive system within the hominoid clade or perhaps the primate order to assign reputations
based on third-party exchanges. However, non-primate species’ acquisition of skills from experienced individuals, attention
to communicative cues, and propensity to infer social rules suggests reputation inference may be more widespread. We utilized
dogs’ sensitivity to humans’ social and communicative cues to explore whether dogs evidenced reputation-like inference for
strangers through third-party interactions. Results indicated dogs spontaneously show reputation-like inference for strangers
from indirect exchanges. Further manipulations revealed that dogs continued to evidence this ability despite reduction of
specific components of the observed interactions, including reduction of visual social cues (i.e., face-to-face contact between
the participants in the interaction) and the nature of the recipient (i.e., living, animate agent versus living, inanimate
self-propelled agent). Dogs also continued to demonstrate reputation-like inference when local enhancement was controlled
and in a begging paradigm. However, dogs did not evidence reputation-like inference when the observed interaction was inadvertent. 相似文献
82.
During the last decade, there has been a change in peer harassment research from a focus on the characteristics of the Aggressor-Victim dyad to the recognition of peer harassment as a whole group process, with most of children playing some kind of role. This study uses a shortened adaptation of the Participant-Role Questionnaire approach to identify these roles in 2,050 Spanish children aged 8 to 13 years. These Participant Roles were related to belonging to one of the five sociometric status groups. Factor analysis revealed four different roles, indicating that the adapted scale remains a reliable way of distinguishing the Aggressor, Victim, Defender of the victim, and Outsider roles. Boys played the roles of Aggressor and Victim significantly more frequently. The children's Participant Role was found to be related to their sociometric status. Progress in the measurement of peer harassment as a group process and the success of intervention strategies may depend on finding clearer distinctions among the different peer roles, mobilizing peer pressure, and isolating aggressors from their social support. 相似文献
83.
Alberto Rosa Candela Molina Alonso Domínguez José-Antonio Pérez Marcela Lonchuk 《Estudios de Psicología》2019,40(1):48-78
AbstractThis paper approaches theatre performance as a laboratory for the simulation of behaviour. The preparation of the professional production of a theatre play was observed and videotaped with the purpose of studying (a) the process of production of artefacts for giving sense to the play and each of its scenes, (b) shaping the identity of the characters, and (c) how these artefacts were reshaped and readjusted in successive rehearsals. Results support the thesis that the process of production of a scenic text can act as a simulation model for how cultural artefacts, conscious processes and behaviour get articulated when developing a character’s identity. 相似文献
84.
85.
Factorial structure of the ‘ToM Storybooks’: A test evaluating multiple components of Theory of Mind
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Daniela Bulgarelli Silvia Testa Paola Molina 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2015,33(2):187-202
This study examined the factorial structure of the Theory of Mind (ToM) Storybooks, a comprehensive 93‐item instrument tapping the five components in Wellman's model of ToM (emotion recognition, understanding of desire and beliefs, ability to distinguish between physical and mental entities, and awareness of the link between perception and knowledge). A sample of 681 three‐ to eight‐year‐old Italian children was divided into three age groups to assess whether factorial structure varied across different age ranges. Partial credit model analysis was applied to the data, leading to the empirical identification of 23 composite variables aggregating the ToM Storybooks items. Confirmatory factor analysis was then conducted on the composite variables, providing support for the theoretical model. There were partial differences in the specific composite variables making up the dimensions for each of the three age groups. A single test evaluating distinct dimensions of ToM is a valuable resource for clinical practice which may be used to define differential profiles for specific populations. 相似文献
86.
AbstractThe goal of this study was to analyze the relationship between different family functioning types and the content, valence, and structure of adolescents’ possible selves (PSs). Participants were adolescents (n?=?392) of both genders (female = 54.9%) from private and catholic high schools in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina (age, M?=?14.92, SD?=?1.52). We performed a cluster analysis to explore family functioning profiles in terms of communication with parents, promotion of challenges, family cohesion, and flexibility. In order to study family functioning type and PSs content association, we performed a chi-squared test. To study family functioning type differences in PSs valence and structure we conducted a one-way MANOVA. The chi-squared test indicated that there was no significant association between family functioning type and adolescents’ PSs spontaneous content. On the other hand, the MANOVA revealed the existence of significant differences in PSs valence between each type of family functioning group. In regard to the structure of PSs, there were no significant differences between family functioning types. In conclusion, adolescents who perceived positive family functioning have more positive PSs. Family functioning type was not related to PSs content and structure. 相似文献
87.
88.
Karin Anderson Ponzer Elizabeth Mastropolo Leslie Stephanie Molina 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2020,70(2):183-211
ABSTRACTThis article provides an overview of structural limitations and challenges imposed by U.S. immigration law and enforcement policies and how they specifically impact families. Our analysis draws from numerous years of experience practicing immigration law and analysis of social and legal factors that impact immigrant individuals and families. We provide historical context for the Trump administration policies that have generated so much debate, reviewing how U.S. immigration creates barriers to family unity and stress on immigrant individuals and families, and explaining how the current administration has exacerbated these problems. We aim to help group psychotherapists gain greater awareness of their immigrant patients’ experiences through an analysis of immigration law and the use of case studies. 相似文献
89.
Maria Nives Sala Francisco Pons Paola Molina 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2014,32(4):440-453
This study investigated the development of emotion regulation strategies as reflected in the narratives of children between the ages of 3 and 6 years. An experimental procedure based on story completion tasks was devised to elicit the emotion‐related narratives of 69 preschool children. Coding of the narratives led to the observation of different emotion regulation strategies: Behavioural strategies, social support, and cognitive reappraisal. Several significant gender and age differences were identified in the use of these strategies. In addition, verbal skills, non‐verbal intelligence, and emotion comprehension were found to be associated with use of the observed emotion regulation strategies, although only at specific ages. 相似文献
90.