Determinants of Property Crime Among Illicit Opiate Users Outside of Treatment Across Canada

Criminal activities account for a major proportion of the social costs related to illicit drug use. This article examines the factors contributing to property crime activity among a community sample of 653 untreated regular illicit opiate users in 5 Canadian cities (OPICAN study). Multivariate analyses showed the frequency of heroin, cocaine, and crack use, gender, housing status, and past criminal justice involvement as predictors of property crime. Furthermore, crack use had a significantly different impact on property crime depending on housing status and city. These findings underline the need for targeted intervention efforts toward a reduced crime burden.     

Extreme interpersonal sensitivity in family members

Abstract

The concept of extreme interpersonal sensitivity is introduced and the literature relating to it is reviewed. Although considerable clinical evidence gives credence to the relative ubiquity of this phenomenon in enmeshed families, the concept is only indirectly alluded to by family theorists. Extreme interpersonal sensitivity seems to be characteristic of a lack of individuation in the family system. Clinical examples are offered to clarify this concept.     

No effects of eye movements on the encoding of the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop in healthy participants: Possible implications for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy

Horizontal eye movement is an essential component of the psychological intervention “eye movement desensitization and reprocessing” (EMDR) used in posttraumatic stress disorder. A hypothesized mechanism of action is an overload of the visuospatial sketchpad and/or the phonological loop of the working memory.     

Logische analyse des Wahrscheinlichkeitsbegriffs

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Eins-und Vieles-Problem in biologischer Betrachtung

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Ambulante psychotherapeutische Versorgung depressiver Patienten

Background

The effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in treating depressive disorders has been shown in manifold ways. However, information is missing from the point of view of psychotherapists concerning diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, their experienced difficulties and barriers, their self-assessment of their competence in the handling of depressive patients and the satisfaction with the cooperation in routine care.

Method

A cross-sectional survey of cognitive-behavioral (n=61) and psychodynamic psychotherapists (n=78) was carried out.

Results

The concordance of clinical diagnoses with diagnoses using the formal ICD-10 criteria was very low. Both groups feel themselves specifically responsible for early detection and differential diagnosis. They neither differ with regard to the frequency of cooperation contacts to other service providers nor with regard to their satisfaction with them or the experienced barriers in the care for depressed patients.

Conclusion

A good psychotherapeutic care exists with options for improvement concerning diagnostic procedures and a stronger connection network.     

Identifying decision strategies: A process- and outcome-based classification method

This article presents a classification method that makes possible the detection of important decision strategies that people use in nonrisky multiattribute decision tasks. The classification method incorporates a multimethod approach that combines elements of both structural modeling and process tracing. We begin with a discussion of nine common characteristics of decision strategies and then classify 13 decision strategies on the basis of these characteristics. Next, we demonstrate that six of the characteristics can be used to develop one outcome-based and three process-based metrics. In addition, we present an algorithm that shows how to use the metrics. We demonstrate that using our metrics in conjunction with a measure for direction of search allows identification of most of the 13 decision strategies. Finally, we outline the potential of our research for the design of decision support systems such as online shops.     

Judgment and action knowledge in speed adjustment tasks: experiments in a virtual environment

Two experiments were conducted to investigate children's and adults’ knowledge of time and speed in action and judgment tasks. Participants had to set the speed of a moving car to a new speed so that it would reach a target line at the same time as a reference car moving at a higher speed and disappearing in a tunnel at the midway point. In Experiment 1 (24 10‐year‐olds, 24 adults), children's and adults’ speed adjustments followed the normative pattern when responses had to be graded linearly as a function of the car's initial speed. In a non‐linear condition, only adults’ action responses corresponded with the normative function. Simplifying the task by shortening the tunnel systematically in Experiment 2 (24 10‐year‐olds, 24 adults) enabled children to grade the speeds adequately in the action conditions only. Adults now produced normative response patterns in both judgment and action. Whether people show linearization biases was thus shown to depend on the interaction of age, task demands and response mode.