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71.
As children’s exposure to violence (EV) has become more evident, concern for the implications that violence has on children
has risen. Consequently, researchers have explored the relationship between exposure and outcomes, as well as potential mediators
and moderators. In this study, we (a) examined EV in a sample of children from the Midwestern United States; (b) replicated
previous findings that identify a direct relationship between EV and psychological sequelae; and (c) explored the possibility
that loneliness mediates the exposure–outcomes relationship. Children (11–14 years) in our sample were exposed to elevated
levels of violence in their neighborhoods. Furthermore, children who were directly victimized demonstrated greater levels
of behavioral difficulties than children who were not. Although loneliness was not a significant mediator, our findings have
laid the groundwork for future research regarding the influence of peer relationships on EV and outcomes. 相似文献
72.
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74.
Heather Kennedy Jonah DeChants Kimberly Bender Yolanda Anyon 《American journal of community psychology》2019,63(1-2):208-226
Over the last twenty years, research on the impact of engaging children and adolescents in the generation of new knowledge about their lives, schools, and communities, has grown tremendously. This systematic review summarizes the findings from empirical studies of youth inquiry approaches in the United States, with a focus on their environmental outcomes. Searches of four interdisciplinary databases retrieved a total of 3,724 relevant articles published between 1995 and 2015. Sixty‐three distinct studies met the systematic review inclusion criteria, of which, 36 (57.1%) reported that the youth inquiry approach contributed to positive changes among adults, peers, organizations, and/or institutions. These environmental outcomes were qualitatively recorded, inductively categorized, and then organized into Bronfenbrenner's ecological framework. Youth inquiry approaches led to practitioner growth and changes in peer group norms at the micro‐system level, program development or improvement and research benefits at the meso‐system level, and school, city, and state level policy adoption at the exo‐system level. Qualitative methods, especially case studies, were most commonly used to evaluate the impact of youth inquiry approaches on environmental outcomes. Studies of approaches that utilized advocacy to create change, targeted decision‐makers as the audience for the youth's work and convened for a longer duration were more likely to report improved environmental outcomes. This systematic review suggests that youth inquiry approaches are a promising strategy for ecological systems change. 相似文献
75.
W N Bender 《Perceptual and motor skills》1987,64(2):521-522
Correlations between teachers' ratings of behavior and a paper-and-pencil score for brain hemispheric preferences were generated for 38 learning disabled and 38 nonlearning disabled children in Grades 3 to 6, to identify previously described relationships for nonhandicapped children. Also, the children were compared on scores for brain hemispheric preference. Only one correlation between the teachers' ratings of behavior and hemispheric preference was noted for each group. Also, F tests indicated no difference in hemispheric preferences between the groups. 相似文献
76.
Suicides have markedly increased among military personnel in recent years. We used path analysis to examine factors associated with suicidal/self-harming ideation among male Navy and Marine Corps personnel transitioning to civilian life. Roughly 7% of men (Sailors = 5.3%, Marines = 9.0%) reported ideation during the previous 30 days. Results suggest that combat exposure, substance abuse, and resilience are associated with suicidal ideation/self-harming thoughts through the mediation of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and/or depression symptoms. Substance abuse plays a moderating role. Resilience had a direct effect only among the Marines. Implications for improving the transition to civilian life are discussed. 相似文献
77.
Sanna J. Thompson Kimberly Bender Jodi Berger Cardoso Patrick M. Flynn 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(5):560-568
Novel and creative therapeutic modalities have been developed in an effort to increase motivation in family therapy for adolescents
and families. Many of these approaches incorporate experiential activities or “family play”, which provides a supplemental
approach to traditional talk therapy. Incorporating experiential activities into family therapy sessions has been shown to
increase engagement and enhance participation in therapy. Therefore, to understand how families view experiential activities
within family therapy, we interviewed nineteen adolescents (age 12–17) and their parents/caregivers who were receiving family
therapy augmented with experiential activities. We asked a series of open-ended questions to understand the families’ experiences
concerning how they initially felt about participating in family therapy and their perceptions of the experiential activities.
The activities involved experiential interactions and skill-building exercises that elicited active participation from all
family members and encouraged further discussions. Topics of these activities focused on problem areas the family had identified,
such as anger management, problem-solving, improving communication, substance use, expressing feelings, coping, etc. Results
showed that most caregivers and youth found the experiential activities helpful in creating positive family interactions and
developing communication skills. Caregivers and adolescents noted that the activities increased their desire to participate
in family therapy sessions and they were more motivated to engage in the treatment process. Clinicians using the methods discussed
in this intervention should be aware of the study’s limitations. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed. 相似文献
78.
This online diary study investigated how motives interact with goal pursuit to predict daily autobiographical experiences. Participants (N = 141) completed measures of implicit and explicit achievement, provided daily memories and reports of their goal pursuit during a 3-week diary period. A stronger implicit achievement motive at the onset of the study was associated with more agentic (and fewer communal) autobiographical content. Goal progress was linked with using more agentic words, while goal attainability was related to using more communal words. Interactions between motives and goal pursuit on autobiographical memory suggests a trade-off: Favorable goal pursuit conditions may prompt people not motivated for achievement to shift their focus from agentic to communal themes, while individuals motivated for achievement maintain their priorities. 相似文献
79.
Ability to form new associations between unrelated items is particularly sensitive to aging, but the reasons for such differential vulnerability are unclear. In this study, we examined the role of objective and subjective factors (working memory and beliefs about memory strategies) on differential relations of age with recognition of items and associations. Healthy adults (N = 100, age 21 to 79) studied word pairs, completed item and association recognition tests, and rated the effectiveness of shallow (e.g., repetition) and deep (e.g., imagery or sentence generation) encoding strategies. Advanced age was associated with reduced working memory (WM) capacity and poorer associative recognition. In addition, reduced WM capacity, beliefs in the utility of ineffective encoding strategies, and lack of endorsement of effective ones were independently associated with impaired associative memory. Thus, maladaptive beliefs about memory in conjunction with reduced cognitive resources account in part for differences in associative memory commonly attributed to aging. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
80.
Abstract This paper integrates clinical data gathered through psychotherapy with dual-career couples and research findings from social psychology and sociology. The paper's main focus is the clinical understanding and therapeutic interventions most appropriate for these couples' marital and individual difficulties. The paper briefly describes characteristics of the dual-career lifestyle and personalities. The analysis provides case examples illustrating external and internal sources of stress generated by a lack of time or the need for an effective system for handling housework and childcare. 相似文献