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51.
Amador-Campos JA Forns-Santacana M Martorell-Balanzó B Guàrdia-Olmos J Peró-Cebollero M 《Psychological reports》2005,97(3):847-860
Confirmatory factor analysis examined the factor structure of DSM IV Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms and analyzed the differences in informants' ratings of ADHD symptoms by children's age and sex. A sample of 1,018 Spanish school children, 574 girls and 444 boys, ages 4 to 12 years, was rated by teachers and parents. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a similar fit for the three-factor model of Inattention, Hyperactivity, and Impulsivity (teachers: CFI = .976, RMR = .041, % of total variance = 83.2; parents: CFI = .969, RMR = .037, % of total variance = 82.7) and for the two-factor model of Inattention and Hyperactivity Impulsivity (teachers: CFI = .958, RMR = .044, % of total variance = 79.3; parents: CFI = .961, RMR = .038, % of total variance, 79.9). The two-factor model was selected as a parsi monious representation of the teachers' and parents' ratings of ADHD symptoms. Analyses of variance indicated significant differences in teachers' and parents' mean ratings across sex and school grades of children. 相似文献
52.
Martyn?StandageEmail author Joan?L.?Duda Anne?Marte?Pensgaard 《Motivation and emotion》2005,29(1):41-68
Differing task and motivational characteristics of the competitive setting (viz., task-involving/ego-involving climates, cooperative/individual, and win/loss competitive outcome) were explored in relation to need satisfaction and subjective well-being (SWB). Participants, one-on-one or in pairs, were required to participate in a physical co-ordination task. Results revealed participants exposed to a task-involving condition and those who worked in cooperation to report higher levels of need satisfaction and SWB. Conversely, individuals exposed to ego-involving conditions and those who competed individually experienced higher levels of negative affect. Winning resulted in higher levels of need satisfaction and SWB, whereas losing led to higher levels of negative affect. Losing individually in an ego-involving condition led to the highest levels of negative affect responses and attenuated levels of reported need satisfaction and SWB. Via structural equation modeling, a model of motivational processes grounded in self-determination theory was supported in which elements of the competitive situation that facilitated need satisfaction led to increments in reported indices of SWB. 相似文献
53.
This paper examined conceptual versus perceptual priming in identification of incomplete pictures by using a short-term priming
paradigm, in which information that may be useful in identifying a fragmented target is presented just prior to the target’s
presentation. The target was a picture that slowly and continuously became complete and the participants were required to
press a key as soon as they knew what it was. Each target was preceded by a visual prime. The nature of this prime varied
from very conceptual (e.g., the name of the picture’s category) to very perceptual (e.g., a similar-shaped pictorial prime
from a different category). Primes also included those that combined perceptual and conceptual information (e.g., names or
images of the target picture). Across three experiments, conceptual primes were effective while the purely perceptual primes
were not. Accordingly, we conclude that pictures in this type of task are identified primarily by conceptual processing, with
perceptual processing contributing relatively little. 相似文献
54.
On Some Varieties of MTL-algebras 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Four monkeys and 6 humans representing five different native languages were compared in the ability to categorize natural CV tokens of /b/ versus /d/ produced by 4 talkers of American English (2 male, 2 female) in four vowel contexts (/i, e, a, u/). A two-choice "left/right" procedure was used in which both percentage correct and response time data were compared between species. Both measures indicated striking context effects for monkeys, in that they performed better for the back vowels /a/ and /u/ than for the front vowels /i/ and /e/. Humans showed no context effects for the percentage correct measure, but their response times showed an enhancement for the /i/ vowel, in contrast with monkeys. Results suggest that monkey perception of place of articulation is more dependent than human perception on the direction of the F2 onset transitions of syllables, since back-vowel F2s differentiate /b/ and /d/ more distinctively. Although monkeys do not provide an accurate model of the adult human in place perception, they may be able to model the preverbal human infant before it learns a more speech-specific strategy of place information extraction. 相似文献
58.
Two studies of the clinical work of experienced psychoanalysts are presented. Study I is a retrospective study of all the analytic work--161 cases--of sixteen analysts from 1973 to 1977, including their evaluations of the treatments at outcome. Study II is a prospective study of the ninety-two cases started in analysis by a group of twenty analysts between 1984 and 1989 and followed to termination, including their reports. The history of each treatment as reported and evaluated by the analyst is examined in terms of: nature of the population, the analyst's view of the case when the initial recommendation was made, duration of treatment, therapeutic benefit, rating of analyzability at termination of treatment, nature of the termination, and cases changed to psychotherapy. Some old shibboleths are challenged as perspective on both the limitations and achievements of psychoanalysis emerges from the findings of the study. 相似文献
59.
Jean F. Ayers Evangeline A. Wheeler Maria P. Fracasso M. Paz Galupo Joan S. Rabin Barbara R. Slater 《Journal of Adult Development》1999,6(3):163-173
University reform encompasses an increased emphasis on the social and emotional development of students. In particular, the development of caring, empathy, and community are emphasized. This team of psychology professors approaches the task of university reform by presenting both its philosophy of diversity inclusion and specific inclusion strategies as means of promoting enhanced development of our students. Although the discipline of psychology is used as an example, the philosophical argument and the strategic approaches may be applied to other disciplines. 相似文献
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