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231.
Remi de Fleurian Tim Blackwell Oded Ben‐Tal Daniel Müllensiefen 《Cognitive Science》2017,41(3):800-813
To formalize the human judgment of rhythm complexity, we used five measures from information theory and algorithmic complexity to measure the complexity of 48 artificially generated rhythmic sequences. We compared these measurements to human prediction accuracy and easiness judgments obtained from a listening experiment, in which 32 participants guessed the last beat of each sequence. We also investigated the modulating effects of musical expertise and general pattern identification ability. Entropy rate and Kolmogorov complexity were correlated with prediction accuracy, and highly correlated with easiness judgments. A logistic regression showed main effects of musical training, entropy rate, and Kolmogorov complexity, and an interaction between musical training and both entropy rate and Kolmogorov complexity. These results indicate that information‐theoretic concepts capture some salient features of the human judgment of rhythm complexity, and they confirm the influence of musical expertise on complexity judgments. 相似文献
232.
Ben Blumson 《Philosophical Studies》2010,149(2):135-151
This paper argues for a possible worlds theory of the content of pictures, with three complications: depictive content is
centred, two-dimensional and structured. The paper argues that this theory supports a strong analogy between depictive and
other kinds of representation and the platitude that depiction is mediated by resemblance. 相似文献
233.
234.
Research investigating the role of generalized beliefs about the world or worldviews is relatively scarce in the suicide literature. Two studies, using Hong Kong Chinese samples, examined how worldviews, as assessed by the Social Axioms Survey (SAS), were linked with individual vulnerability to suicide. In Study 1, we investigated the relationships of social axioms with various suicide indicators in cognitive, emotional and interpersonal domains, viz., suicidal ideation, negative self‐esteem, psychache, burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Results from canonical correlation analysis showed that beliefs along the axiom dimensions of social cynicism, reward for application, and social complexity were linked to these suicide indicators. In Study 2, we tested the interplay of worldviews and personality traits in the prediction of suicidal thoughts. Hierarchical regression results demonstrated the predictive power of social axioms over and above that provided by the Big Five personality dimensions. Moreover, a significant interaction was observed between belief in reward for application and negative life events in predicting suicidal ideation, showing that reward for application buffered the effect of negative life events on suicidal ideation. Based on these results, we discussed the significance of worldviews as a consideration in suicide research and their implications for clinical assessment and intervention. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
235.
236.
Ben Saunders 《Res Publica》2010,16(1):41-55
Fairness is a central, but under-theorized, notion in moral and political philosophy. This paper makes two contributions.
Firstly, it criticizes Broome’s seminal account of fairness in (1990–1991) Proc Aristotelian Soc 91:87–101, showing that there are problems with restricting fairness to a matter of relative satisfaction
and holding that it does not itself require the satisfaction of the claims in question. Secondly, it considers the justification
of lotteries to resolve cases of ties between competing claims, which Broome claims as support for his theory, and contrasts
random procedures to contests of skill, which may also be considered lotteries in a broader sense. I offer no alternative
account of fairness of my own, but hope to point the way for future research on the nature of fairness. 相似文献
237.
S.E. Ben Fadhel 《Pratiques Psychologiques》2010,16(1):99-108
This paper explores some of the cognitive and affective repercussions of literacy in the case of young Tunisian adults. I have evaluated the cognitive skills of 133 subjects, who are in the most part young women aged between 16 and 35 and assigned to different literacy levels. The framework of my investigation is informed by such fields as inductive reasoning, phonemic and semantic organisation and the capacity of storing and retrieving verbal information. I have appraised the intensity of the subjects’ depressive feelings so as to assess their emotional state. My aim is to demonstrate the positive impact literacy has on cognitive capacities as far as the above-mentioned fields are concerned. By the same token, I have underscored a concomitant effect upon the subjects’ emotional condition, for the intensity of illiterate people's feelings of depression is more exacerbated than in literate subjects’ case. 相似文献
238.
239.
Ben Schouten Nikolaus F. Troje Anna Brooks Rick van der Zwan Karl Verfaillie 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2010,72(5):1256-1260
Under orthographic projection, biological motion point-light walkers offer no cues to the order of the dots in depth: Views from the front and from the back result in the very same stimulus. Yet observers show a bias toward seeing a walker facing the viewer (Vanrie, Dekeyser, & Verfaillie, 2004). Recently, we reported that this facing bias strongly depends on the gender of the walker (Brooks et al., 2008). The goal of the present study was, first, to examine the robustness of the effect by testing a much larger subject sample and, second, to investigate whether the effect depends on observer sex. Despite the fact that we found a significant effect of figure gender, we clearly failed to replicate the strong effect observed in the original study. We did, however, observe a significant interaction between figure gender and observer sex. 相似文献
240.