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191.
Few Road Traffic Accident (RTA) victims have their psychological needs attended to in hospital or afterwards. We conducted a small-scale preliminary investigation exclusively focussing on the prevalence of poor psychological morbidity following minor road traffic accidents (RTAs). Participants (N?=?50) completed assessments one-month after their minor RTA and (N?=?39) at 4-months follow-up. The identification of clinically significant anxiety, depression and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this minor RTA sample supports both evidence reported elsewhere and our specific predictions. Seven (14%) participants at baseline and five (12.8%) at follow-up met diagnostic criteria for PTSD. The clinical implications for identifying and meeting the psychological needs of minor RTA victims are discussed in the context of cognitive behavioural conceptualizations of mental disorder. 相似文献
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Two studies examined a novel prediction of the causal Bayes net approach to judgments under uncertainty, namely that causal knowledge affects the interpretation of statistical evidence obtained over multiple observations. Participants estimated the conditional probability of an uncertain event (breast cancer) given information about the base rate, hit rate (probability of a positive mammogram given cancer) and false positive rate (probability of a positive mammogram in the absence of cancer). Conditional probability estimates were made after observing one or two positive mammograms. Participants exhibited a causal stability effect: there was a smaller increase in estimates of the probability of cancer over multiple positive mammograms when a causal explanation of false positives was provided. This was the case when the judgments were made by different participants (Experiment 1) or by the same participants (Experiment 2). These results show that identical patterns of observed events can lead to different estimates of event probability depending on beliefs about the generative causes of the observations. 相似文献
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Ben Eggleston 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2014,17(4):761-774
Reflective equilibrium is often credited with extending the idea of accounting for the data from its familiar home in the sciences to the realm of moral philosophy. But careful consideration of the main concepts of this idea—the data to be accounted for and the kind of accounting it is appropriate to expect of a moral theory—leads to a revised understanding of the “accounting for the data” perspective as it applies to the discipline of moral theory selection. This revised understanding is in tension with reflective equilibrium and actually provides more support for the alternative method of moral theory selection that has been termed ‘practical equilibrium’. 相似文献
197.
Aymen Ben Abbes Emmanuelle Gavault Thierry Ripoll 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2014,10(3):90-103
We conducted a series of experiments to explore how the spatial configuration of
objects influences the selection and the processing of these objects in a visual
short-term memory task. We designed a new experiment in which participants had
to memorize 4 targets presented among 4 distractors. Targets were cued during
the presentation of distractor objects. Their locations varied according to 4
spatial configurations. From the first to the last configuration, the distance
between targets’ locations was progressively increased. The results revealed a
high capacity to select and memorize targets embedded among distractors even
when targets were extremely distant from each other. This capacity is discussed
in relation to the unitary conception of attention, models of split attention,
and the competitive interaction model. Finally, we propose that the spatial
dispersion of objects has different effects on attentional allocation and
processing stages. Thus, when targets are extremely distant from each other,
attentional allocation becomes more difficult while processing becomes easier.
This finding implicates that these 2 aspects of attention need to be more
clearly distinguished in future research. 相似文献
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Ben Bronner 《Australasian journal of philosophy》2015,93(1):43-59
absence is the claim that, if a symbol appears on a map, then absence of the symbol from some map coordinate signifies absence of the corresponding property from the corresponding location. This claim is highly intuitive and widely endorsed. And if it is true, then cartographic representation is strikingly different from linguistic representation. I argue, however, that absence is false of various maps and that we have no reason to believe it is true of any maps. The intuition to the contrary results from mistaking what a map simply conveys for what it literally represents. 相似文献