全文获取类型
收费全文 | 20861篇 |
免费 | 52篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 22篇 |
2019年 | 28篇 |
2018年 | 3507篇 |
2017年 | 2834篇 |
2016年 | 2261篇 |
2015年 | 213篇 |
2014年 | 99篇 |
2013年 | 127篇 |
2012年 | 585篇 |
2011年 | 2404篇 |
2010年 | 2537篇 |
2009年 | 1500篇 |
2008年 | 1716篇 |
2007年 | 2180篇 |
2006年 | 40篇 |
2005年 | 225篇 |
2004年 | 173篇 |
2003年 | 121篇 |
2002年 | 69篇 |
2001年 | 34篇 |
2000年 | 55篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 24篇 |
1997年 | 19篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1964年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Andrew L. Geers Kate Faasse Darwin A. Guevarra Kelly S. Clemens Suzanne G. Helfer Ben Colagiuri 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2021,15(1):e12575
Once considered nuisance variance in clinical trials, placebo effects and nocebo effects are now widely recognized as important and mutable psychobiological contributors to mental and physical health. Psychological theory explaining these effects emphasizes associative learning and conscious expectations. It has long been suggested, however, that affective states such as moods, emotions, and distress could play a significant role. In this paper, we draw together and review the empirical data linking affective states to placebo and nocebo effects. To organize this disparate literature, three questions are addressed: (1) Does pre‐existing state and trait affect modulate placebo and nocebo effects? (2) Does administering placebo and nocebo treatments change affective states, and if so, does the resulting affect causally influence placebo and nocebo effects? Finally, (3) Can placebo treatments be successfully employed as a regulation strategy to modulate different affective states? In reviewing the evidence in relation to these three questions, it is clear that affect does play a key role in placebo and nocebo effects in many circumstances, and further, there may be a reciprocal dynamic at play between a treatment event, affect, and placebo/nocebo effects. The paper concludes by discussing implications for theory and intervention and recommends future research priorities. 相似文献
62.
63.
64.
Pigeons were trained on a multiple schedule in which separate concurrent schedules were presented in the two components of the schedule. During one component, concurrent variable-interval 40-sec variable-interval 80-sec schedules operated. In the second component, concurrent variable-interval 40-sec variable-interval 20-sec schedules operated. After stable baseline performance was obtained in both components, extinction probe choice tests were presented to assess preference between the variable-interval 40-sec schedules from the two components. The variable-interval 40-sec schedule paired with the variable-interval 80-sec schedule was preferred over the variable-interval 40-sec schedule paired with the variable-interval 20-sec schedule. The subjects were also exposed to several resistance-to-change manipulations: (1) prefeeding prior to the experimental session, (2) a free-food schedule added to timeout periods separating components, and (3) extinction. The results indicated that preference and resistance to change do not necessarily covary. 相似文献
65.
In the first part of this paper we review evidence suggesting that there exists a mechanism that selects input on the basis of its similarity to the required action. This response-based input selection differs from the more established space- and object-based input selection in that it is not constrained by the structure of the input. Our evidence suggests that the two-choice Stroop effect is caused by this response-based selection mechanism. By contrast, it is known that the flanker effect is determined by the space- and object- based selection mechanisms. We explore whether the conflict resolution of the Stroop and flanker tasks is different as well by embedding these two tasks in a PRP (Psychological Refractory Period) paradigm. We show that the Stroop and the PRP effects are additive whereas the flanker and the PRP effects are underadditive, suggesting that the processes in charge of the conflict resolution in the Stroop and the flanker tasks are indeed different. We discuss possible reasons for this difference, and discuss possible ways in which the response-based mechanism can be implemented in information processing models. 相似文献
66.
Superconditioning is said to occur when learning an association between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) is facilitated by pairing the CS with the US in the presence of a previously established conditioned inhibitor. Previous demonstrations of superconditioning have been criticized because their control conditions have allowed alternative interpretations. Using a within–subjects autoshaping procedure, the present study unambiguously demonstrated superconditioning. The results support the view that superconditioning is the symmetric opposite of blocking. 相似文献
67.
Numerous previous investigators have explained species differences in spatial memory performance in terms of differences
in foraging ecology. In three experiments we attempted to extend these findings by examining the extent to which the spatial
memory performance of echidnas (or "spiny anteaters") can be understood in terms of the spatio-temporal distribution of their
prey (ants and termites). This is a species and a foraging situation that have not been examined in this way before. Echidnas
were better able to learn to avoid a previously rewarding location (to "win-shift") than to learn to return to a previously
rewarding location (to "win-stay"), at short retention intervals, but were unable to learn either of these strategies at retention
intervals of 90 min. The short retention interval results support the ecological hypothesis, but the long retention interval
results do not.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
68.
High- and low-trait socially anxious individuals classified the emotional expressions of photographic quality continua of interpolated ("morphed") facial images that were derived from combining 6 basic prototype emotional expressions to various degrees, with the 2 adjacent emotions arranged in an emotion hexagon. When fear was 1 of the 2 component emotions, the high-trait group displayed enhanced sensitivity for fear. In a 2nd experiment where a mood manipulation was incorporated, again, the high-trait group exhibited enhanced sensitivity for fear. The low-trait group was sensitive for happiness in the control condition. The mood-manipulated group had increased sensitivity for anger expressions, and trait anxiety did not moderate these effects. Interpretations of the results related to the classification of fearful expressions are discussed. 相似文献
69.
Robert E. Lee Kathleen Burns Jager Jason B. Whiting Catherine T. Kwantes 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2000,22(1):81-90
Confirmatory factor analysis and regression analyses of the Beavers Interactional Scales did not appear to support the model offered by its developers, namely, several specified family attributes contributing respectively to two global factors of Family Competence and Family Style. Moreover, regression analysis indicated that only three of 12 items predicted raters' assessments of Global Family Health, and one of seven items predicted Global Family Style. Individuals interested in the family dynamic centripetal/centrifugal might best think of that as a unitary entity and rate it accordingly. 相似文献
70.
Deane-Peter Baker 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2005,57(2):77-103
Alvin Plantingas Warranted Christian Belief is without questionone of the central texts of the Reformed epistemology movement. Critiques of Plantingas defence have been both multiple and varied. As varied as these responses are, however, it is my contention that many of them amount to the same thing. It is the purpose of this paper to offer an overview of the main lines of attack that have been directed as Plantingas project, and thereafter to show how many, if not most, of these objections can be understood as versions or aspects of the same criticism, what I call the Inadequacy Thesis. 相似文献