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51.
The present study extended the literature on feeding disorders by conducting a comparison of sequential and simultaneous food presentation in the treatment of food selectivity. In the simultaneous condition, a highly preferred food was presented in the same bite with a non‐preferred food (NPF), and during the sequential condition, a highly preferred food was delivered as a consequence for acceptance and consumption of NPFs. Generalization and maintenance of food consumption was assessed. Although results for two participants indicated that both presentation methods produced an increase in acceptance and consumption of NPFs when combined with an escape extinction procedure, anecdotal observations suggested that participants may have had a preference for eating foods in a sequential fashion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
52.
North Americans live in an increasingly fast-paced world. Not only might this be physically and relationally unhealthy, a
fast pace of life might prevent people from living life to its fullest and achieving happiness. Using Heidegger’s theory of
Dasein, this study examines how individuals talk about time in holiday letters. Results of the study indicate that many letter
writers were living inauthentic lives. According to Heidegger, inauthenticity prevents individuals from experiencing life
at its fullest; implications of the findings blending philosophy and communication are discussed. 相似文献
53.
Neil B. Guterman Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia Vanessa Vorhies Leyla Ismayilova Becky Leshem 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(6):687-696
We examined help-seeking and internal obstacles to receiving psychosocial support in the wake of community violence exposure
in a sample of 1,835 Arab and Jewish adolescents living in Israel. Paper and pencil surveys conducted in schools examined
adolescents’ personal victimization and witnessing of community violence in the past year, and then queried adolescents about
their help-seeking after violence exposure. Our findings indicated widespread exposure to community violence, particularly
for the Arab respondents. Only one in three Arab and one in four Jewish adolescents reported seeking help from anyone to cope
with such experiences following their violence exposure, and only rarely did adolescents seek help from a mental health professional
(one in twenty for Jewish and one in nine for Arab adolescents). Adolescents across both samples indicated a variety of internal
obstacles that might explain their lack of seeking help to cope with violence exposure, including cognitive minimization of
the event, deliberately maintaining the secrecy of the event, wishing to maintain their autonomy, and failing to believe in
the efficacy of seeking help from others. Such findings shed light on the difficult challenges to providing professional support
to adolescents when they are exposed to community violence, and suggest that such challenges, while varying to a degree across
cultures, are also prevalent across cultures. 相似文献
54.
This study examines the identity processes that are implicated when adults return to college, including the possibility that
they may be reclaiming past selves from adolescence or constructing new selves at this particular juncture. In this study,
70 nontraditional-aged community college students were surveyed about their educational pathways, with a focus on their career
and educational plans and actions when finishing high school through the current time. In addition, a diverse subset (n = 14) was interviewed. Results suggested four identity processes, two that involved past career selves from adolescence when
constructing future pursuits (reclaim past, reject past before constructing new) and two that did not (construct new, expand
current). Participants with prior college experience as adolescents were more likely to report well-developed past selves,
but they more frequently rejected rather than reclaimed due to lack of perceived feasibility. Future research involving adult
identity development is discussed. 相似文献
55.
56.
Authors described four distinct conceptualizations of the construct of attachment and identified clinical implications associated with each. Three of the conceptualizations, which are influenced by the work of Bowlby and Ainsworth, seem to have some empirical support; these conceptualizations are compatible with systemic and social constructionist approaches to family therapy. The other conceptualization— Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)—contradicts the extensive body of literature associated with the Bowlby/Ainsworth traditions and tends to pathologize children. Therefore, family therapists interested in attachment are encouraged to maintain conceptual clarity in their clinical work and are further encouraged to rely on clinical conceptualizations and interventions that are consistent with the work of Bowlby and Ainsworth. 相似文献
57.
The Muslim population is growing rapidly throughout the world and a sizable population of 6–8 million Muslims is estimated
in North America alone. This population deals with a vast array of issues, including marital adjustment. Nevertheless, the
marriage and family literature lacks the research needed to facilitate therapeutic treatment with Muslim couples adequately.
Marital adjustment assessments that are commonly utilized have been tested on predominantly Anglo-American or Caucasian couples.
The present study is a preliminary investigation of the Locke–Wallace marital adjustment test’s (LWMAT) reliability when administered
to married, Muslim-American people. 相似文献
58.
Frini Karayanidis Elise L. Mansfield Kasey L. Galloway Janette L. Smith Alexander Provost Andrew Heathcote 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2009,9(2):202-215
Task-switching studies show no behavioral benefit of partially informative cues. However, ERP evidence of an early cue-locked
positivity elicited by both fully and partially informative cues suggests that both cues trigger an anticipatory component
of task set reconfiguration (Nicholson, Karayanidis, Davies, & Michie, 2006). We examined this apparent discrepancy using
a cued-trials task-switching paradigm with three tasks. The ERP finding of an early cue-locked positivity was replicated for
both switch-to cues, which validly predicted an upcoming switch trial and specified the new task set, and switch-away cues, which validly predicted an upcoming switch trial but not the new task set. This component was not elicited by a noninformative cue that did not specify whether the task would switch or repeat. Switch-away cues resulted in more accurate but not faster
responding than did noninformative cues. Modeling of decision processes confirmed a speed-accuracy trade-off between these
conditions and a preparation benefit for both switch-to and switch-away cues. These results indicate that both fully and partially
informative cues elicit an early anticipatory component of task set reconfiguration that is reflected in the early cue-locked
positivity. We argue that the pattern of results is most consistent with a task set inhibition account of this early anticipatory
component of task set reconfiguration. 相似文献
59.
Gordon Hodson Becky L. Choma Kimberly Costello 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(4):974-978
The authors explored psychological mechanisms underlying a teaching exercise [Hillman, J., & Martin, R. A. (2002). Lessons about gay and lesbian lives: A spaceship exercise. Teaching of Psychology, 29, 308-311] that may improve attitudes toward homosexuals. Heterosexual participants were randomly assigned to a simulation intervention or control lecture condition. In the simulation condition, participants imagined life on an alien planet that inadvertently simulated situational constraints parallel to those faced by homosexuals. The simulation (vs. control lecture) produced significantly more intergroup perspective-taking, empathy, and favorable attitudes toward homosexuals and marginalized groups. Tests of a structural equation model supported the assumption that the simulation (vs. control) provided an experience that heightened intergroup perspective-taking, which indirectly predicted favorable attitudes via independent cognitive (inclusive intergroup representations) and affective (empathy) paths. The model held after statistically controlling for prior attitudes and ideological individual differences predicting anti-homosexual bias. Implications for prejudice-reduction simulations and intergroup contact are considered. 相似文献
60.
InThe Family Crucible, a recent book that is highly popular and widely praised among mental health professionals, Napier and Whitaker (1978) describe their treatment of a family. The therapy is well done; their therapeutic approach is certainly one which many family therapists will approve; and the book is well-written and exciting to read. Nevertheless, it seems to us that the widespread approval which the book has received raises many questions about the field of family therapy itself, which it is the purpose of this article to examine. 相似文献