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71.
Nigel Harvey 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1983,34(2):180-184
Subjects matched successively presented stimuli within and across modalities. In conditions in which they were informed of the modalities of the two stimuli, no differences in matching performance were obtained between the four types of match (visual-visual, auditory-auditory, visual-auditory, and auditory-visual). Thus, there appeared to be no difference between the modalities in ability to perceive or retain the particular stimuli used. In conditions in which subjects were informed of the modality of the first stimulus but only of the modality in which the second stimulus would appear on 80% of trials, there was again no significant difference between auditory-auditory and visual-visual matching. However, auditory-visual matching was much faster than visual-auditory matching when the second stimulus appeared in the unexpected modality. The results suggest that subjects prepare for both possible types of match when uncertain of the second stimulus modality and that the cross-modal asymmetry reflects the additional attentional load that this incurs. 相似文献
72.
Daryl G. Kroner John R. Reddon Norine Beckett 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1991,13(2):147-154
A sample of 71 incarcerated adult male inmates was used to investigate the stability and internal consistency for the clinical and validity scales of the Basic Personality Inventoiy. One month test-retest stability coefficients for the clinical scales ranged from .53 to .77. KR-20 reliabilities ranged from .61 to .86 on each occasion. With the exception of the longer perseveration scales, stability was also reasonable for the validity scales. Overall, the Basic Personality Inventory clinical and validity scales demonstrated favorable stability and reliability in an inmate population.This research was supported by a STEP grant from the Alberta Government. Portions of this paper were presented at the Psychologists Association of Alberta's annual meeting, April 8, 1989, Calgary, Alberta. We gratefully acknowledge M. R. Sass and M. Wcinrath for their support. 相似文献
73.
Masking and aftereffect in the perception of binocular depth were studied using random-dot sterograms as adaptation and target stimuli. Detection of the target was impaired by prior adaptation only when the two stimuli differed in disparity by less than 2 minarc. The masking function was unaffected by uniocular enlargement and blurring within the adaptation stimulus, but masking was no longer selective to disparity when the elements seen by the two eyes were reversed in brightness. The stereoscopic depth aftereffect was also insensitive to uniocular enlargement and blurring, and could not be generated when there was brightness complementation within the adaptation stimulus. Both the masking and aftereffect data are interpreted as evidence that stereospatial detectors in human vision are insensitive to transforms that maintain luminance-spatial correlations in binocular input. 相似文献
74.
ABSTRACT When is it right to enforce medical treatment on a patient who is refusing that treatment? English law recognises two ethical principles as of paramount importance: the autonomy of the patient; and the consequences of not treating compared with treating. The law, by and large, operates these principles in succession. Thus, in the case of a patient refusing treatment, the law asks first, is the patient competent? Only if the answer is no, are the consequences considered. We criticise the position taken by English law and argue, first, that competence is a graded and not a binary concept, and secondly, that the two ethical principles should be applied not sequentially but at the same time. These two ideas form what we have called the balance model. This model could be used for an empirical study of individuals’ ethical beliefs, and in particular to test the hypothesis that the ethical beliefs of most individuals conform to the balance model rather than to the position taken by English law. 相似文献
75.
Nigel Harvey 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1980,32(3):413-425
The category of a first stimulus (S1) serving as a cue may allow a subject to predict the category of a second stimulus (S2). However, a cue may have effects on RT to S2 that are independent of those derived from its intended role as a predictor. These non-informative effects of a cue may add to or subtract from the benefits associated with its predictive function. Two experiments demonstrate that when S1 is in the same category as S2 (as is frequently the case for valid cues in cueing experiments) but provides no information about S2, RT is slower than when S1 is in a different category from S2. It is suggested that this category relation effect arises because inhibition of a response to S1 is still present when S2 arrives and that, in some cueing experiments, it may subtract from the RT benefits derived from the cue as a predictor of S2. Also, RT to a visual but not to an auditory S2 was faster after an auditory S1 than after a visual S1. It is argued that this modality combination effect is consistent with the view that auditory signals are more alerting than visual ones and that this is another factor to be taken into account in the design of cueing and other experiments. 相似文献
76.
This paper describes a transducer that allows for the concurrent recording of outer eyelid closure on both the left and the right eyes of a rabbit. The device makes use of voltage induced across a current-carrying conductor when the conductor is exposed to a magnetic field perpendicular to its axis (the Hall effect). The transducer is relatively compact, inexpensive, and allows the animal to be loosely restrained. 相似文献
77.
78.
Gerard P. Hodgkinson Sarah Snell Nigel Daley Roy L. Payne 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》1996,4(4):185-194
Recent changes in the demographic structures of industrialized nations pose a potentially serious threat to work organizations in terms of their ability to attract and retain high calibre personnel. Specifically, the number of young people in their late teens and early-to-mid twenties is on the decline at the present time, coupled with a long-term recession, thus posing a dilemma for organizations concerned to develop and maintain a viable workforce. This article reports the findings of a three-country comparative study, conducted in The Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom, designed to investigate the extent to which graduate employers are aware of current demographic trends in the labour market and what HRM policies they are instituting, given this context. The findings reveal considerable levels of ignorance across all three countries, suggesting that attempts by various Government bodies, employers' organizations, professional associations and academics to draw attention to the potentially serious consquences of inadequate planning and future skill provision have largely failed. The results indicate that many organizations are engaging in human resource strategies which are not well suited to meeting the challenges of the 1990s. 相似文献
79.
Steven A. Humphries Malcolm H. Johnson Nigel R. Long 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1996,58(5):693-703
This study investigated a prediction derived from gate control theory—that there would be a pulse of pain as a pain stimulus was being ramped off due to the rapidly transmitting, inhibitory large fiber activity falling away sooner at the spinal level than the excitatory activity of the slow-transmitting, small nociceptive afferents. A further prediction was that the more distant the peripheral stimulus was from the spine, the greater the pain pulse would be. Fourteen subjects had the pain stimulus of iontophoretically applied potassium ions (K+) applied to an upper and a lower site on the dominant arm. In a threshold detection task using the double random staircase method, subjects were asked to indicate whether they could detect a pulse of additional pain during this ramp-off phase. The average rate of stimulus ramp-off in order to detect a pain pulse was statistically greater for the upper-arm site (14.3 μg K+/sec) than for the lower-arm site (9.4 μg K+/sec). These results were consistent with gate control theory. Alternative explanations, including intrinsic differences in nociceptive responding for different dermatomes and anode break, were considered. It was concluded that the detection of a pain pulse during the ramping off of a peripheral pain stimulus potentially provides a quantitative measure of the spinal modulation of pain. 相似文献
80.
Psychological interventions with patients with HIV infection may affect the stability of the patient's relationship with others. Two clinical cases are described to illustrate this. Both the impact of AIDS on patients and their relationships, and the impact of psychological interventions on the index patient and others, should always be considered when HIV-infected patients are referred to psychiatrists and other mental health care workers. 相似文献