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191.
Assessing effort level during neuropsychological evaluations is critical to support the accuracy of cognitive test scores. Many instruments are designed to measure effort, yet they are not routinely administered in neuropsychological assessments. The Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) and the Word Memory Test (WMT) are commonly administered symptom validity tests with sound psychometric properties. This study examines the use of the TOMM Trial 1 and the WMT Immediate Recognition (IR) trial scores as brief screening tools for insufficient effort through an archival analysis of a combined sample of mild head-injury litigants ( N = 105) who were assessed in forensic private practices. Results show that both demonstrate impressive diagnostic accuracy and calculations of positive and negative predictive power are presented for a range of base rates. These results support the utility of Trial 1 of the TOMM and the WMT IR trial as screening methods for the assessment of insufficient effort in neuropsychological assessments. 相似文献
192.
Daniel J. Bauer 《Psychometrika》2009,74(1):97-105
When using linear models for cluster-correlated or longitudinal data, a common modeling practice is to begin by fitting a
relatively simple model and then to increase the model complexity in steps. New predictors might be added to the model, or
a more complex covariance structure might be specified for the observations. When fitting models for binary or ordered-categorical
outcomes, however, comparisons between such models are impeded by the implicit rescaling of the model estimates that takes
place with the inclusion of new predictors and/or random effects. This paper presents an approach for putting the estimates
on a common scale to facilitate relative comparisons between models fit to binary or ordinal outcomes. The approach is developed
for both population-average and unit-specific models. 相似文献
193.
Within a 3 × 3 matrix of 90° corner junctions, detection of a Kanizsa-type square is facilitated when the target display is
preceded by a 40-Hz flickering premask of 3 × 3 crosses, with four crosses synchronously oscillating at the subsequent target
location. To examine whether this ‘synchrony-priming’ effect is influenced by, or dependent on, visuo-spatial attention, a
spatial-cueing manipulation was introduced. Observers were presented with a visual or acoustic cue which indicated the likely
target quadrant. The main finding was that synchrony priming was larger for invalidly, compared with validly, cued locations,
and that the priming effect was figural, rather than spatial, in nature (i.e., confined to points associated with the completed
boundary, rather than extending to the inner region, defined by the synchronous premask elements). This pattern of effects
argues that target processing is expedited not by attracting spatial attention to the primed location, but by the prime expediting
(figure-specific) target encoding, as a result of which the target position gains a processing and selection advantage relative
to non-primed locations. 相似文献
194.
Buchbesprechungen
Bauer S, Kordy H (Hrsg) (2009) E-Mental-Health – Neue Medien in der psychosozialen Versorgung Springer, Berlin, 350 S., ISBN-10: 354075735X, EUR 34,95 相似文献195.
Angela F. Lukowski Sandra A. Wiebe Patricia J. Bauer 《Infant behavior & development》2009,32(3):331-335
We examined generalization in 9-month-old infants after a 24-h delay using deferred imitation. Infants flexibly applied their knowledge of sequence actions across changes in props even though they had no opportunity for immediate imitation. 相似文献
196.
National identity definitions determine who belongs to the national ingroup (e.g., “us Germans”) versus the “foreign” outgroup prone to hostile outgroup bias. We conducted five studies in two countries investigating if viewing the ingroup's national identity as fixed exacerbates the perceived divide between ingroup and outgroup and thus increases anti-immigrant hostility, while a malleable view blurs the divide and reduces anti-immigrant hostility. In a Prestudy (58 participants), an Implicit Theory of National Identity Scale was developed. In Studies 1 (154 participants) and 2 (390 participants), our scale predicted individuals’ prejudice and participation rates in a hypothetical referendum and a real petition against immigrants. In Studies 3 (225 participants) and 4 (225 participants), experimental evidence was obtained. Leading participants to believe that the definition of “a true compatriot” changes over time (rather than remaining the same) resulted in lower levels of prejudice and participation rates in an anti-immigrant petition. 相似文献
197.
Haltigan JD Lambert BL Seifer R Ekas NV Bauer CR Messinger DS 《Infant behavior & development》2012,35(1):83-93
The quality of children's social interactions and their attachment security with a primary caregiver are two widely studied indices of socioemotional functioning in early childhood. Although both Bowlby and Ainsworth suggested that the parent-child interactions underlying the development of attachment security could be distinguished from other aspects of parent-child interaction (e.g., play), relatively little empirical research has examined this proposition. The aim of the current study was to explore this issue by examining concurrent relations between toddler's attachment security in the Strange Situation Procedure and quality of mother-child social interaction in a high-risk sample of toddlers characterized by prenatal cocaine exposure and low levels of maternal education. Analyses of variance suggested limited relations between attachment security and quality of social interaction. Further research examining the interrelations among various components of the parent-child relationship is needed. 相似文献
198.
Thu G. Hoang Donald M. Truxillo Berrin Erdogan Talya N. Bauer 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2012,20(2):209-219
The current study explored the differences in applicant reactions to various selection methods in the United States and in Vietnam, an emerging economy that has been generally ignored in the selection and assessment literatures. College students (n = 376) from the United States and Vietnam rated the favorability of 10 selection methods and indicated the bases for their reactions on eight process fairness dimensions. Results showed that interviews and work sample tests were perceived most favorably, while personal contacts and graphology were perceived least favorably in both countries. Face validity of the selection methods was found to be the strongest predictor of process favorability in both countries. In addition, the results indicated substantial differences between the two countries in terms of the perceived interpersonal warmth of selection methods and a perceived employer's right to obtain information using the selection methods. Implications of the findings for multinational corporations and future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
199.
Cognition and emotion interact to determine ongoing behaviors. In this study, we investigated the interaction between cognition and emotion during response inhibition using the stop-signal task. In Experiment 1, low-threat stop-signals comprising fearful and happy face pictures were employed. We found that both fearful and happy faces improved response inhibition relative to neutral ones. In Experiment 2, we employed high-threat emotional stimuli as stop signals, namely stimuli previously paired with mild shock. In this case, inhibitory performance was impaired relative to a neutral condition. We interpret these findings in terms of the impact of emotional stimuli on early sensory/attentional processing, which resulted in improved performance (Experiment 1), and in terms of their impact at more central stages, which impaired performance (Experiment 2). Taken together, our findings demonstrate that emotion can either enhance or impair cognitive performance depending on the emotional potency of the stimuli involved. 相似文献
200.
Erica D. Bauer 《Mental health, religion & culture》2013,16(1):100-118
Social support is important in managing HIV and AIDS. Some people living with HIV or AIDS (PLWHA) have sought support from churches, despite their reputation for stigmatising PLWHA. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 PLWHA and 21 church leaders to identify ways that churches can effectively enact support for PLWHA through improved communication about HIV, AIDS, and related issues. Church leaders also were asked about the institutional barriers to enacting support for PLWHA. Implementing these strategies consistently and holistically will require intentional efforts to address the barriers within church organisations to create environments that are welcoming to and supportive of PLWHA. 相似文献