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501.
M. Elaine Yaccarino MA 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1993,15(6):459-466
Italian-American families have general characteristics about which family therapists should be informed in order to select appropriate and effective family therapy for this cultural group. The author identifies Minuchin's structural family therapy techniques as relevant for working with Italian-American families, adding a note of personal validation of the need and efficacy of the Minuchin approach. 相似文献
502.
Dale S. Cannon Michael R. Best John D. Batson Mark Feldman 《Behaviour research and therapy》1983,21(6):669-673
Human volunteers learned taste aversions to a relatively novel cranberry flavor paired with apomorphine-induced illness. These aversions were significantly reduced by pretreatment familiarization to the flavor unless an unpalatable interfering flavor was introduced just prior to the administration of apomorphine. The outcomes have implications for taste-aversion learning in humans and for the control of flavor preferences in patients undergoing illness-inducing chemotherapy. 相似文献
503.
Therapists have been charged with a dispositional bias in their diagnoses of clients' problems. While a, review of prior research revealed considerable evidence that at least some trained therapists were more dispositional in their diagnoses than nonprofessionals, there was no clear evidence that therapists' dispositional diagnoses were in error. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to try to detect error in trained therapists' diagnoses. Twelve trained therapists and 16 untrained nonprofessionals each conducted intake interviews with two clients (confederates). Employing a technique based on attribution theory, one client presented a problem that was relatively situational; the other presented a problem that was relatively dispositional. Consistent with previous research, trained therapists were more dispositional in their diagnoses than were untrained nonprofessionals, suggesting that some bias did exist. But there was no clear evidence that therapists were less sensitive than nonprofessionals to differences between situational and dispositional problems. It was concluded that, to the degree that bias implies error, the charge of bias in therapists' diagnoses remains unproven. 相似文献
504.
Michal Shamai PhD Shlomo Sharlin PhD Dvorit Gilad-Smolinski MA 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1995,17(2):195-207
This paper describes a phenomenon of using a threat to divorce by families in extreme distress (FED) as a way of maintaining family homeostasis; that is, using a threat to divorce but never really implementing it. By relating to processes, such as social exchange and attachment, that often take place in the decision-making of divorce, we try to understand why those families choose to use the threat, thereby explaining this phenomenon. Using components of defining family boundaries, excitement and power struggle, we are thus able to better understand the existence of the phenomenon among FED. 相似文献
505.
Thorana S. Nelson PhD Eric E. McCollum PhD Joseph L. Wetchler PhD Philip McAvoy MA Terry S. Trepper PhD Robert A. Lewis PhD 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1994,16(2):161-168
The authors describe an interview procedure devised for use in hiring therapists for a research and demonstration project in which the employers viewed videotaped interviews of applicants responding to a standard set of questions posed by an on-site researcher/interviewer. The approach is considered potentially useful for agencies to use in hiring therapists with a systemic orientation. 相似文献
506.
一、問題 这項研究是从“閃光信号的頻率选择实驗研究”总課題派生出来的一个問題。在进行上述研究,尤其是有关“閃光頻率辨认和等辨量表”的实驗时,許多被試口头报告曾使用数数法,帮助自己辨认閃光的頻率。經与实驗結果对照,发現在閃光頻率低于30—40周/分时,用数数法确实有效,頻率較高(例如100周/分以上)时,則漸难使用数数法了,其轉折点似在50周/分左右。由于閃光頻率与閃光每周的时距有一定的关系,閃光頻率的辨认,归根結底,主要是以时間知觉为基础的。 相似文献
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自动驾驶汽车要进入人车混行的普通道路, 需确保与过街行人之间的交互安全和效率。为解决这一问题, 高等级自动驾驶汽车往往在车辆外部装置显示设备, 即外部人机界面(eHMIs)以和行人沟通信息。在具体设计上, 已有研究主要采用文字、图形、投影等视觉沟通形式, 传达车辆状态(是否在自动驾驶模式)、意图和对行人的过街建议等沟通信息, 并在真实路段实验、虚拟场景及实验室实验等情境中评估了界面的使用对行人过街意向、速度和准确性等指标的影响。然而, 以行人为中心的外部界面设计需系统地支持行人过街决策前各阶段的信息加工需求。因此, 我们结合行人过街决策过程和情境意识理论, 提出行人与自动驾驶汽车交互中的动态过街决策模型, 从行人认知加工视角评估各种界面的沟通效果。评估的结果启示, eHMIs应促进行人对车辆信息的感知、理解和预测。在感知阶段, 应采用多种类型界面、多呈现载体相结合, 增强信息的可识别性。在理解阶段, 需结合文字说明、合理选择沟通视角、信号标准化和培训提高可理解性。在预测阶段, 应结合车辆内隐运动信息, 帮助行人快速准确获取车辆未来行动意图。更重要的是, 未来研究应关注在多行人、多车辆混行情境下的信息沟通设计及其对行人的影响。理论方面, 未来研究也需要关注外部界面如何通过自下而上的通路影响情境意识和心智模型的形成。 相似文献