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581.
Second-order quantifier elimination in the context of classical logic emerged as a powerful technique in many applications,
including the correspondence theory, relational databases, deductive and knowledge databases, knowledge representation, commonsense
reasoning and approximate reasoning. In the current paper we first generalize the result of Nonnengart and Szałas [17] by
allowing second-order variables to appear within higher-order contexts. Then we focus on a semantical analysis of conditionals,
using the introduced technique and Gabbay’s semantics provided in [10] and substantially using a third-order accessibility
relation. The analysis is done via finding correspondences between axioms involving conditionals and properties of the underlying
third-order relation.
Presented by Wojciech Buszkowski 相似文献
582.
This study examined the relation between religiosity and parenting. 311 parents from the Flemish-speaking part of Belgium completed the Post-critical Belief Scale and reported on their style of parenting. Scores for religiosity (as measured by the Exclusion vs Inclusion of Transcendence dimension) were not significantly correlated with parenting styles. In contrast, the way in which religious contents are processed (as measured by the Literal vs Symbolic dimension) was significantly correlated with dimensions of parenting style. 相似文献
583.
Motivated by a question of W. Rautenberg, we prove that any matrix that is term-equivalent to the well-known nonfinitely based matrix of A. Wroski is itself also nonfinitely based. 相似文献
584.
Puzyński S 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(1):135-142
The paper presents major ethical, legal and methodological problems related to the use of placebo in mental disorders, especially
in depression. It is pointed out that although authoritative groups of experts and numerous publications in the field of psychopharmacology
indicate advisability of the double blind design with placebo in clinical trials of antidepressants, in recent years there
have been more and more voices questioning legitimacy of this method. Objections of an ethical nature are raised, and reliability
of this approach is put into doubt from the methodological viewpoint. These issues are discussed in more detail in the paper.
Available alternative solutions should be implemented in psychotropic drug studies. The author shares these objections and
doubts of an ethical nature, and believes that the placebo procedure is not a necessity in clinical trials of antidepressants.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an international conference, “Placebo: Its Action and Place in Health Research
Today,” held in Warsaw, Poland on 12–13 April, 2003. 相似文献
585.
Kemper B 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(2):303-309
Mass casualty attacks in recent years have demonstrated the need to include “evil intent” as a design consideration. Three
recent actual or potential weapons of mass destruction (WMD) attacks did not involve nuclear bombs or other devices designed
as weapons, but rather benign objects used with evil intent. Just as unplanned events such as hurricanes, earthquakes, fires,
and user misuse have been codified into design requirements based on the likelihood and potential impact of the event, “evil
intent” has to become part of the design process for buildings, vehicles, equipment, and other items. The endstate should
be reasonable additions to existing codes and standards such that it is clear what is and is not designed for. In the absence
of specific design guidance, professionals with appropriate expertise can assess potential for “evil intent” and provide recommendations
to design out or warn against this potential harm to public safety, particularly when codified requirements are not present.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology” meeting,
New Orleans, 2003.
Author Note: Bart Kemper, PE, is the principal engineer for Kemper Imageering, Inc. A significant portion of his work has been involved
in industrial equipment design, product design, and the design and analysis of different security devices as well as performing
simulations, computer modelling, reliability studies, blast analyses, and FMEA analyses on commercial equipment, including
marine, offshore, and industrial facilities. He is also a US Army Reserve captain in the Corps of Engineers and was mobilized
and deployed overseas in February 2003 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom as a member of the 412th Engineer Command, headquartered in Vicksburg, Mississippi. A significant portion of his duties involved reviewing intelligence,
analyzing potential courses of action, and evaluating risks with regard to Iraqi and Coalition activities in the northern
Iraqi oilfields as well as base camp design and infrastructure engineering. This paper is unclassified and has been cleared
for publication. 相似文献
586.
Dawson JE Piazza CC Sevin BM Gulotta CS Lerman D Kelley ML 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2003,36(1):105-108
We used the high-probability (high-p) instructional sequence with and without escape extinction in the treatment of food refusal. Acceptance increased and refusal decreased only with the introduction of escape extinction. These results raise important questions about the high-p sequence in the treatment of food refusal. 相似文献
587.
Maarten Vansteenkiste Willy Lens Bart Soenens Koen Luyckx 《Motivation and emotion》2006,30(4):273-282
Self-Determination Theory argues that relatedness and autonomy represent innate and universally critical needs and that, when
satisfied, both needs should yield an independent positive effect on well-being and adjustment for all individuals. In contrast,
some cross-cultural perspectives suggest that the pursuit of autonomy hampers the development of satisfying relationships,
and such conflicts might be especially problematic for the well-being of individuals in collectivistic societies that value
social bonds over the pursuit of uniqueness and independence. The present study sampled Chinese students who had temporarily
moved to Belgium to study (i.e., sojourners) and Chinese students involved in the application procedure to study in Belgium
(i.e., applicants). Consistent with SDT, the present research shows that the basic psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness,
and competence are positively interrelated, that the satisfaction of these three needs predicts unique variance in Chinese
students’ psychological well-being, vitality, and depression (i.e., main effects), and that autonomy satisfaction yields a
more beneficial effect on vitality and better protects against depressive feelings when relatedness satisfaction is low (i.e.,
an interaction effect). Finally, mean-level differences in well-being between Chinese sojourners and applicants could be fully
accounted by differential need satisfaction.
相似文献
Maarten VansteenkisteEmail: |
588.
Switula D 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(1):147-156
Quality in clinical research may be defined as compliance with requirements together with credibility and reliability of the
data obtained. Sponsors usually apply Quality Management Systems (QMS) to ensure, control, maintain, and improve quality.
These systems encompass several preventive measures, tools, and controls. Standard QMS applied by clinical research sponsors
may be based on ISO 9000.
An earlier version of the paper was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference on the subject of ‘The Responsible
Conduct of Basic and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005. 相似文献
589.
590.
van Widenfelt BM Treffers PD de Beurs E Siebelink BM Koudijs E 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2005,8(2):135-147
With the increased globalization of psychology and related fields, having reliable and valid measures that can be used in a number of languages and cultures is critical. Few guidelines or standards have been established in psychology for the translation and cultural adaptation of instruments. Usually little is reported in research publications about the translation and adaptation process thus making it difficult for journal readers and reviewers to adequately evaluate the equivalency and quality of an instrument. In this study, issues related to the translation and adaptation of assessment instruments for use in other cultures and/or languages are addressed. Existing literature on translation is reviewed and examples from the clinical child and family psychology field are given to illustrate relevant issues. Suggestions are made for avoiding common translation errors. 相似文献