唐朝道教研究——中国历史上黄金时期的宗教与帝国

本文是英国学者巴雷特教授代表作《唐朝道教研究——中国历史上黄金时期的宗教与帝国》一书的第一章,着重从宗教与政治的角度阐释了唐朝以前道教的历史,并深入探讨了初唐时道教与李唐政权之间的关系。     

Investigating Sustained Visitor/Museum Relationships: Employing Narrative Research in the Field of Museum Visitor Studies

ABSTRACT

Museums today are faced with a number of challenges and are currently searching for ways to attract and retain audiences and engage with the public. In order to address these issues, researchers have called for studies to help construct a more complete understanding of the visitor experience. Few studies employ methodological approaches that provide in-depth accounts of the museum experience. Narrative methodology is one means by which researchers may access rich accounts of the multi-faceted nature of audience relationships with museums. This article reports preliminary findings from a narrative research study that aimed to explore sustained visitor/museum relationships. The narrative methodology adopted for this study provides novel insights into the nature of these relationships and extends our understanding of those museum experiences that build and strengthen relationships with visitors.     

Programming Precision in Repetitive Tapping

The present paper reports an experiment using the Fitts’ tapping paradigm. It is concerned with a comparison of movement times and accuracy during blind and visual repetitive tapping. A blind condition was used to investigate rapid aiming movements under motor program control, whilst visual aiming was used to assess the role of visual feedback for control purposes. Subjects in the blind conditions were able to replicate the amplitude specifications of the task, whereas effective target width was constant for a set amplitude and did not reflect specified target width. Subjects, furthermore, responded more rapidly when tapping blind. These results are discussed in terms of the magnitude of forces being attempted as a result of performing a set amplitude, and the role of visual feedback.     

THERAPIST DEFENSIVENESS AND MARITAL THERAPY PROCESS AND OUTCOME

Abstract

This study examined the effect of couple socioeconomic status (SES); pretherapy marital adjustment; and therapist, husband, and wife defensiveness during the third session of marital therapy on posttherapy marital adjustment. Participants were 22 therapists and 88 couples. Each therapist treated 4 couples, 2 from the middle SES level and 2 from the lower SES level. Path analyses revealed that for husbands higher marital satisfaction before therapy was associated with higher adjustment at the end of therapy, but defensive therapist behavior during therapy was associated with lower posttherapy adjustment. A similar pattern was found for wives, but this should be interpreted with caution owing to potential dependencies in the wives' posttherapy adjustment scores. Neither SES nor pretherapy adjustment predicted therapist defensive behavior in therapy, and SES did not predict marital therapy outcome variance. Results suggest that therapist defensive behavior may reflect a style or characteristic of some marital therapists.     

Sequential analysis as a method of feedback for family therapy process

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between therapist verbal behavior and family cooperation and resistance during the second session of family therapy with juvenile delinquents. Sequential analysis was used to investigate the impact of one therapist's behavior on family resistance and cooperation in a sample of 12 families. The results of the sequential analysis revealed that therapist “support” and “teach” behaviors were associated with significant increases in the likelihood of family cooperation. The study provides an example of how sequential analysis can be used to inform family therapists about the impact of their behavior on families.     

Suicide bereavement and recovery patterns compared with nonsuicide bereavement patterns

This study compared bereavement experiences of suicide survivors with those of other survivors. The primary focus of investigation was upon grief reactions suggested to be unique to suicide bereavement and upon quality of grief resolution 2-4 years after death. Fifty-seven women and men, between the ages of 24 and 48, who had experienced the death of a marital partner were interviewed. Subjects were assigned to one of four groups by mode of death (suicide, accident, unanticipated natural, and expected natural). Analyses of variance and Scheffe procedures indicated no significant differences among survivors on frequencies of grief reactions considered common to all bereavements. The suicide survivors were significantly different from all others on certain grief measures, including rejection and unique grief reactions. On various other grief measures, significant differences were indicated among the groups of survivors. Four primary conclusions, implications of the findings, and limitations of the study are discussed.     

The double step analysis of rapid manual aiming movements

The present paper examines the control principles underlying rapid manual tracking responses to horizontal double-step stimuli. The paper reports an experiment concerned with responses made to step-stimuli presented in quick succession. The amplitude of the second-step was varied between the initial step-position and the home-base. Double-step response parameters were analysed as a function of the determinant time interval (D) between the second step and the onset of the initial response. The initial response amplitude was observed to vary as a function of D. Amplitude transition functions were constructed representing the transition of the initial response amplitude between the two step positions; their slopes, furthermore, depended on the amplitude of the second target step. No delays in the initial reaction time with the interstimulus interval were observed. Minor delays to the onset of a corrective response were observed. These delays were in part related to a movement time constraint that is independent of any limitations in central processing capacity. The present findings for the manual control system are compared to double-step tracking analyses of the oculomotor control system.     

Borderline personality disorder features and cognitive,emotional, and predicted behavioral reactions to teasing

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) involves interpersonal dysfunction. It is unknown to what extent these problems are due to perceptual biases, emotional reactivity, or impulsivity above and beyond emotional reactions. The present study experimentally tested these mechanisms in the context of predicted reactions to teasing. Participants completed the Personality Assessment Inventory-Borderline Features scale [PAI-BOR; Morey, L. C. (1991). Personality assessment inventory: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources], and the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire [Downey, G., & Feldman, S. I. (1996). Implications of rejection sensitivity for intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 1327–1343], and imagined a scenario that involved teasing. Participants rated the teaser and their own predicted emotional and behavioral reactions. Analysis of Covariance results indicated that individuals who endorsed more BPD features showed elevated emotional reactions and predicted behavioral reactions to teasing, but not perceptual biases. Ratings of predicted behavioral responses could be accounted for by emotional responses, supporting the emotional reactivity perspectives of BPD [Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford].