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991.
Object categorization emphasizes the similarities that bind exemplars into categories, whereas recognition memory emphasizes the specific identification of previously encountered exemplars. Mathematical modeling has highlighted similarities in the computational requirements of these tasks, but neuropsychological research has suggested that categorization and recognition may depend on separate brain systems. Following training with families of novel visual shapes (blobs), event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during both categorization and recognition tasks. ERPs related to early visual processing (N1, 156–200 msec) were sensitive to category membership. Middle latency ERPs (FN400 effects, 300–500 msec) were sensitive to both category membership and old/new differences. Later ERPs (parietal effects, 400–800 msec) were primarily affected by old/new differences. Thus, there was a temporal transition so that earlier processes were more sensitive to categorical discrimination and later processes were more sensitive to recognition-related discrimination. Aspects of these results are consistent with both mathematical modeling and neuropsychological perspectives. 相似文献
992.
993.
Jean Carletta Robin L. Hill Craig Nicol Tim Taylor Jan Peter de Ruiter Ellen Gurman Bard 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(1):254-265
Eyetracking facilities are typically restricted to monitoring a single person viewing static images or prerecorded video.
In the present article, we describe a system that makes it possible to study visual attention in coordination with other activity
during joint action. The software links two eyetracking systems in parallel and provides an on-screen task. By locating eye
movements against dynamic screen regions, it permits automatic tracking of moving on-screen objects. Using existing SR technology,
the system can also cross-project each participant’s eyetrack and mouse location onto the other’s on-screen work space. Keeping
a complete record of eyetrack and on-screen events in the same format as subsequent human coding, the system permits the analysis
of multiple modalities. The software offers new approaches to spontaneous multimodal communication: joint action and joint
attention. These capacities are demonstrated using an experimental paradigm for cooperative on-screen assembly of a two-dimensional
model. The software is available under an open source license. 相似文献
994.
This study examined the Health Belief Model’s efficacy to predict intention to undergo genetic testing for the Colorectal
Carcinoma (CRC) gene within a rural/frontier setting. Survey data were collected on 558 Southwest Montanan residents. Regression
analysis revealed that perceived benefits, including affordability and satisfying curiosity, were the strongest indicators
of intention to undergo genetic testing for CRC. Select consumer barriers and cues to action variables were also found to
be significant predictors. Collectively the model explained approximately 36% of the variance. These preliminary findings
have implications for genetic counselors, health practitioners and health care providers concerned with genetic counseling
and addressing the public health issue of CRC. 相似文献
995.
We defend the view that we are not identical to organisms against the objection that it implies that there are two subjects of every conscious state one experiences: oneself and one’s organism. We then criticize animalism—the view that each of us is identical to a human organism—by showing that it has unacceptable implications for a range of actual and hypothetical cases of conjoined twinning: dicephalus, craniopagus parasiticus, and cephalopagus. 相似文献
996.
Philosophical Studies - This paper is about how to aggregate outside opinion. If two experts are on one side of an issue, while three experts are on the other side, what should a non-expert... 相似文献
997.
Tim Jensen 《Teaching Theology & Religion》2015,18(3):248-251
This essay is part of a collection of short essays solicited from authors around the globe who teach religion courses at the college level (not for professional religious training). They are published together with an introduction in Teaching Theology and Religion 18:3 (July 2015). The authors were asked to provide a brief overview of the curriculum, student learning goals, and pedagogical techniques employed in their courses. 相似文献
998.
Bruno Kopp Caroline Seer Florian Lange Anouck Kluytmans Antonio Kolossa Tim Fingscheidt Herbert Hoijtink 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2016,16(5):911-928
The capability of the human brain for Bayesian inference was assessed by manipulating probabilistic contingencies in an urn-ball task. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in response to stimuli that differed in their relative frequency of occurrence (.18 to .82). A veraged ERPs with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (relative frequency of occurrence > .5) were used for further analysis. Research hypotheses about relationships between probabilistic contingencies and ERP amplitude variations were formalized as (in-)equality constrained hypotheses. Conducting Bayesian model comparisons, we found that manipulations of prior probabilities and likelihoods were associated with separately modifiable and distinct ERP responses. P3a amplitudes were sensitive to the degree of prior certainty such that higher prior probabilities were related to larger frontally distributed P3a waves. P3b amplitudes were sensitive to the degree of likelihood certainty such that lower likelihoods were associated with larger parietally distributed P3b waves. These ERP data suggest that these antecedents of Bayesian inference (prior probabilities and likelihoods) are coded by the human brain. 相似文献
999.
Tim Jacquemard Peter Novitzky Fiachra O’Brolcháin Alan F. Smeaton Bert Gordijn 《Science and engineering ethics》2014,20(2):379-409
In a lifelog, data from various sources are combined to form a record from which one can retrieve information about oneself and the environment in which one is situated. It could be considered similar to an automated biography. Lifelog technology is still at an early stage of development. However, the history of lifelogs so far shows a clear academic, corporate and governmental interest. Therefore, a thorough inquiry into the ethical aspects of lifelogs could prove beneficial to the responsible development of this field. This article maps the main ethically relevant challenges and opportunities associated with the further development of lifelog technologies as discussed in the scholarly literature. By identifying challenges and opportunities in the current debate, we were able to identify other challenges and opportunities left unmentioned. Some of these challenges are partly explained by a blind spot in the current debate. Whilst the current debate focuses mainly on lifelogs held by individuals, lifelogs held by governmental institutions and corporations pose idiosyncratic ethical concerns as well. We have provided a brief taxonomy of lifelog technology to show the variety in uses for lifelogs. In addition, we provided a general approach to alleviate the ethical challenges identified in the critical analysis. 相似文献
1000.
Prim. Priv.-Doz. Dr. Tim J. von Oertzen FRCP 《Psychopraxis》2014,17(5):22-25
People with intellectual disability frequently suffer from epilepsy. Management of epilepsy in this population is particularly challenging because of the different ways of communicating, cognitive impairment, changes in behavior which can be disruptive, the severity of the epilepsy syndrome, the seizure types, and the seizure frequency. Treatment of epilepsy is complicated due to the interaction of the intellectual disability and the behavior as well as behavioral changes caused by the antiepileptic drugs or the change of seizure types or frequency. This article provides the reader with a guidance for managing epilepsy in this particular population and raises important open questions. 相似文献