打破封闭 迅猛发展

我是第一次来五台山,感触特别深,第一是省、市领导的人文素质特别高,对整个五台山的研究工作支持很大,尽管我第一次来五台山,但我与五台山结缘可能有十多年了,事实上,我在读博士的时候就开始写关于五台山的文章,并在《五台山研究》上发表。因此说结缘较早。佛家常说,三十年看山是山,看水是水,再过三十年看山不是山,看水不是水。三十年后又是看山是山,看水是水,这是一个认识不断深化的过程。五台山既有很壮丽的自然景观,也有历史悠久的人文景观,是个历史与自然的二重体,这就是向外对话的一个很好的条件。自然景观在于保护和利用,而人文景观在于重建     

初中生家庭社会经济地位、积极品质对中考成绩的预测作用

以442名初中生为被试,采用历时20个月的纵向研究考察家庭社会经济地位（socioeconomic status, SES）和积极品质对中考成绩的预测作用。结果发现：（1）家庭SES、积极品质整体发展水平可以同时显著正向预测初中生在20个月后的中考成绩;（2）积极品质整体发展水平在家庭SES与中考成绩之间存在中介作用,即家庭SES越高,初中生的积极品质整体水平越高,其中考成绩越好。研究结果提示积极品质可以补偿低家庭SES对学生中考成绩的不良影响。     

A low-cost method for digitizing videotaped continuous movements on the Macintosh

We describe an inexpensive means of digitizing videotaped positions of moving points, such as the positions of the joints of a person who is performing an action. Single-frame video images and a Macintosh computer monitor are optically superimposed, using a half-silvered mirror, and the positions of reference points in the video image are manually clicked in by the operator, so that the screen coordinates of the reference points on each frame can be stored in a text file for later analysis. The digitizing program records comments and identifying information along with the position data.     

The role of blood pressure, cortisol, and prolactine among soldiers injured in the 1991–1993 war in Croatia

Ninety soldiers with at least three months of combat exposure—60 injured soldiers (30 with permanent disabling and 30 with nondisabling injuries), 30 noninjured soldiers and 30 healthy controls—were interviewed and investigated with physiological (Prolactine, Cortisol, BP, Hb) and psychological tests (MMPI), IES-15 (Impact of Event Scale), PTSS (Post-Traumatic Symptom Scale). Their was related injuries had a different effect on the physiological stress response of the soldiers as reflected in the levels of prolactine, cortisol, hemoglobin and blood pressure. In a report of personality characteristics of the same soldiers, we demonstrated that the experience of posttraumatic stress was not dependent upon physical injury, but rather on the psychological appraisal of the situation. The results of the present article confirm earlier findings that the relationship between physiological and psychological consequences of trauma are complex, and that the perception of an event and the social context within which the traumatized soldier exists is as important as the event itself. The physiological response to the trauma varied greatly among the soldiers regarding the psychosocial impact of the consequence of the injury. So the anticipation of future possible trauma among less severely wounded soldiers (expected to go back to war) was followed by pathological stress responses. Trauma seems to operate somewhat independently from the overt conscious appraisal of the situation and relationship between psychological, psychosocial, and physiological aspects are interrelated in a multifactorial way. An integrative approach is therefore of great importance in assessment as well as in treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Editorial Note This historical article is being published for the first time. It is based on the Ph.D. thesis of Dr. Harry A. Teitelbaum for which he was awarded a doctorate by the University of Maryland in College Park in 1936. The dissertation was stored prior to publication and was not rediscovered until 1997. Teitelbaum’s work was performed during the early days of the development of knowledge regarding the mechanisms that regulate endocrine function. The understanding of the broad capability of interactions among endocrine glands was evolving. It was a field that Teitelbaum contributed to for several years, many of which were spent in collaboration with Horsley Gantt in his laboratory at Johns Hopkins. Although some of the experimental strategies and some of the wording of the report seem quaint today, the contribution of Teitelbaum’s research was solid and highly relevant to questions being asked at the time.     

An empirical couple typology based on differentiation

Both spouses of 100 married, heterosexual couples completed the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire (PAFS-Q). A cluster analysis of the couples' scores on the four intimacy and fusion scales of the PAFS-Q produced four clusters that were meaningfully distinct in the patterns of differentiation of the wives and husbands. Couples comprising these clusters are described in terms of intergenerational theories of family interaction.This paper is based on the master's thesis of the first author submitted to the Graduate School of Texas Woman's University. A presentation based on this work was given at the 1988 annual convention of the Southwestern Psychological Association, Tulsa, Oklahoma. The authors thank Glenda Peters and Joe Natale for their contributions to the preparation of this paper. A more extensive report of the methodology and results of this study can be obtained from the second author.     

Knowing the meaning, getting the point, bridging the gap, and carrying the message: aspects of discourse following closed head injury in childhood and adolescence

Pragmatic communication or discourse was studied in 33 children and adolescents following closed head injury. Three-quarters of the sample was impaired on at least one of four discourse tests (knowing the alternate meanings of ambiguous words in context; getting the point of figurative or metaphoric expressions; bridging the inferential gaps between events in stereotyped social situations; and producing speech acts that express the apparent intentions of others). Resolution of ambiguity was correlated with word fluency and verbal domain knowledge, but not with object naming; understanding of metaphor was correlated with verbal domain knowledge, but not with literal sentence comprehension or with the formation of analogies; making inferences was correlated with working memory capacity but not with social knowledge; and producing speech acts was not correlated either with sentence construction or with social knowledge. These associations and dissociations reveal some of the correlates of impaired discourse processing after closed head injury in childhood and adolescence, as well as bearing on theoretical questions concerning the nature of normally developing discourse processes.