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281.
Amy Keefer Nicole L. Kreiser Vini Singh Audrey Blakeley-Smith Judy Reaven Roma A. Vasa 《Behavior Therapy》2018,49(5):730-740
Although cognitions are central to the conceptualization and treatment of anxiety in typically developing (TD) youth, there is scant research investigating automatic thoughts and their relationship with anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We sought to examine the types of automatic thoughts experienced by youth with ASD and co-occurring anxiety as well as the predictive relationship of anxiety to different types of automatic thoughts in 97 children, ages 8-14 years. We also explored the relationship of automatic thoughts and intolerance of uncertainty. Consistent with prior data, there was a strong relationship between anxiety and automatic thoughts pertaining to social and physical threat. Anxiety and IU were independently associated with thoughts pertaining to personal failure which raises the hypothesis that personal failure may serve as a common pathway between anxiety, IU, and depression in ASD youth. These findings highlight the importance of assessing and treating negative cognitions in youth with ASD and anxiety. 相似文献
282.
Stigma theory was used to examine the fears underlying the disclosure of a gay identity at work. Using a national sample of 534 gay, lesbian, and bisexual employees, this study examined the antecedents that affect the degree of disclosure of a gay identity at work and, for those who had not disclosed, the factors that influence their fears about full disclosure. Employees reported less fear and more disclosure when they worked in a group that was perceived as supportive and sharing their stigma. Perceptions of past experience with sexual orientation discrimination were related to increased fears but to greater disclosure. For those who had not fully disclosed their stigma, the fears associated with disclosure predicted job attitudes, psychological strain, work environment, and career outcomes. However, actual disclosure was unrelated to these variables. The utility of fear of disclosure for understanding processes underlying the disclosure of gay and other invisible stigmatized identities in the workplace is discussed. 相似文献
283.
Eye- and mouth-opening movements replacing head and hand responses in a microswitch program for an adolescent with deteriorating motor condition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lancioni GE Singh NN O'Reilly MF Sigafoos J Oliva D Severini L Groeneweg J 《Perceptual and motor skills》2007,105(1):107-114
This study assessed the possibility of replacing head and hand responses (no longer feasible) with minimal movements within the microswitch-based program of an adolescent with deteriorating motor condition and multiple disabilities. The new movements, i.e., eye- and mouth-opening, were introduced individually and then combined through the simultaneous availability of the related microswitches. Data showed the participant acquired the new movements (responses) successfully and retained them at a 2-mo. postintervention check. Mood improvements, i.e., increases in indices of happiness, also occurred through the program. The conclusion was that a person with deteriorating motor conditions may be able to revitalize a microswitch-based occupational program and retain a constructive engagement if new, feasible responses are identified. 相似文献
284.
Trotter G: The Ethics of Coercion in Mass Casualty Medicine
The Johns Hopkins University Press; 2007
The Johns Hopkins University Press; 2007
Public health ethics is neither taught widely in medical schools or schools of public health in the US or around the world.
It is not surprising that health care professionals are particularly challenged when faced with ethical questions which extend
beyond safeguarding the interests of their individual patients to matters that affect overall public good. The perceived threat
of terror after September 11 2007, the anthrax attacks and the Katrina debacle are recent circumstances which may result in
coercion. These have piqued the interest of medical professionals and the general public on public health ethics. The Ethics of Coercion in Mass Casualty Medicine written by Griffin Trotter MD, PhD attempts to fill a timely void in this area by examining the ethics of coercion in times
of public health disasters. 相似文献
285.
The selection of a subset of variables from a pool of candidates is an important problem in several areas of multivariate
statistics. Within the context of principal component analysis (PCA), a number of authors have argued that subset selection
is crucial for identifying those variables that are required for correct interpretation of the components. In this paper,
we adapt the variable neighborhood search (VNS) paradigm to develop two heuristics for variable selection in PCA. The performances
of these heuristics were compared to those obtained by a branch-and-bound algorithm, as well as forward stepwise, backward
stepwise, and tabu search heuristics. In the first experiment, which considered candidate pools of 18 to 30 variables, the
VNS heuristics matched the optimal subset obtained by the branch-and-bound algorithm more frequently than their competitors.
In the second experiment, which considered candidate pools of 54 to 90 variables, the VNS heuristics provided better solutions
than their competitors for a large percentage of the test problems. An application to a real-world data set is provided to
demonstrate the importance of variable selection in the context of PCA. 相似文献
286.
287.
Ramadhar Singh Joseph J. P. Simons Dawn Patricia C. Y. Young Berwine S. X. Sim Xiau Ting Chai Smita Singh Siao Ying Chiou 《European journal of social psychology》2009,39(6):1021-1038
Mediators of the effects of other‐profitable (e.g., sincere vs. irresponsible) or self‐profitable (e.g., intelligent vs. unintelligent) traits on attraction were investigated. In Experiment 1 (N = 256), valence of a single other‐ or self‐profitable trait was varied, and trust in, respect for, and attraction toward the partner were measured. The three constructs were distinct. Moreover, the effects of the other‐profitable traits on attraction were solely mediated by trust, and those of the self‐profitable traits were mediated more strongly by respect than trust. In Experiment 2 (N = 144), an other‐profitable trait was crossed with the self‐profitable one, and diagnosticity ratings of those traits for the partner's warmth and competence and the previous three responses were taken. The five constructs were empirically distinct. Although trust mediated the effect of other‐profitable trait on attraction, there was a direct effect also. Respect was the sole mediator of the self‐profitable trait effect. Theoretical and methodological implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
288.
Andrea Bosco Giulio E. Lancioni Marta Olivetti Belardinelli Nirbhay N. Singh Mark F. O’Reilly Jeff Sigafoos 《Cognitive processing》2009,10(4):355-359
A diagnosis of vegetative state represents a serious predicament, which basically precludes/minimizes rehabilitation perspectives.
Reliability of the assessment approach in these situations is of paramount importance, but not easy to achieve. In recent
studies, a learning assessment procedure has been suggested as a supplement in the diagnostic process and assessed with eight
patients. The procedure involves an ABABCB sequence in which A represents baseline phases with no stimulation available, B
intervention phases with stimuli delivered contingently on target responses, and C a control condition. This condition involves
stimulation presented non-contingently. The patients’ ability to associate responding with environmental stimuli and thus
increase such responding during the B phases, and reduce it during the A and C phases, may be considered a sign of learning.
Learning might be viewed as representative of forms of concrete knowledge and presumably basic levels of consciousness. Preliminary
results indicate that (a) signs of learning may appear in patients with a previous diagnosis of vegetative state and (b) the
presence of those signs may require a revision of their diagnostic label and a reappraisal of their rehabilitation perspectives. 相似文献
289.
Parents’ Autobiographical Narratives: Setting Events for Their Contemplation of Mindful Changes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robert G. Wahler Judy Singh Nirbhay N. Singh 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(5):520-529
The ability to tell a coherent and rich story about one’s personal life is an important marker of an individual’s capacity
and willingness to contemplate personal change. We review research on correlations between the coherence of parents’ narrative
accounts of life experiences and their responsiveness during interactions with their children. Based on this review, we explore
ideas about the nature of narrative coherence, how parents might be taught to improve this structural feature when telling
their stories, and why a well constructed story might enhance the parents’ objective study of the here and now. We discuss
how the effects of narrative restructuring may enable parents to be more cognitively mindful of their interactions with their
children. We present our speculations in the spirit of promoting discussion of new clinical strategies for parents and new
research strategies aimed at experimental analyses of observed connections between parent narratives and their willingness
to contemplate personal change. 相似文献
290.
Stephen L. Schensul Niranjan Saggurti Rajendra Singh Ravi K. Verma Bonnie K. Nastasi Papiya Guha Mazumder 《American journal of community psychology》2009,43(3-4):277-291
This paper explores the meaning and applicability of multilevel interventions and the role of ethnography in identifying intervention opportunities and accounting for research design limitations. It utilizes as a case example the data and experiences from a 6-year, NIMH-funded, intervention to prevent HIV/STI among married men in urban poor communities in Mumbai, India. The experiences generated by this project illustrate the need for multilevel interventions to include: (1) ethnographically driven formative research to delineate appropriate levels, stakeholders and collaborators; (2) identification of ways to link interventions to the local culture and community context; (3) the development of a model of intervention that is sufficiently flexible to be consistently applied to different intervention levels using comparable culturally congruent concepts and approaches; (4) mechanisms to involve community residents, community based organizations and community-based institutions; and (5) approaches to data collection that can evaluate the impact of the project on multiple intersecting levels. 相似文献