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61.
Terri L. Barrera Darrell Zeno Amber L. Bush Catherine R. Barber Melinda A. Stanley 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2012,19(2):346-358
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is common in older adults and, although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious treatment for late-life GAD, effect sizes are only moderate and attrition rates are high. One way to increase treatment acceptability and enhance current cognitive behavioral treatments for GAD in older adults might be to incorporate religion/spirituality (R/S). The cases presented here illustrate the use of a 12-week modular CBT intervention for late-life anxiety, designed to allow incorporation of R/S elements in accordance with patient preferences. The three women treated using this protocol chose different levels and methods of R/S integration into therapy. All three women showed substantial improvement in worry symptoms, as well as a variety of secondary outcomes following treatment; these gains were maintained at 6-month follow-up. These preliminary results suggest that the incorporation of R/S into CBT might be beneficial for older adults with GAD. Strengths, limitations, and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
62.
Larissa K. Barber Elizabeth A. Rupprecht David C. Munz 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2014,15(2):285-299
The current study examined poor sleep hygiene as a behavioral factor that may undermine psychological and social well-being. Though the connection between sleep and well-being is well documented, the mechanism by which sleep hygiene may affect well-being is currently unknown. Using the transactional model of stress as a framework, we tested a multiple mediation model (N = 307) in which sleep hygiene predicts greater psychological and social well-being through one’s perceptions of primary and secondary appraisals. Results indicated mediation effects for both models; hassle appraisals and psychological strain fully mediated the relationship between sleep hygiene and well-being. These results suggest that well-being may be affected by sleep through the cognitive appraisal process. 相似文献
63.
Ester Barberá Heredia 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(10):113-125
ResumenEl artículo se propone realizar un estudio teórico acerca de las repercusiones psíquicas y sociales de la diferenciación sexual, tomando como marco de referencia la interpretación dada por la perspectiva cognitiva a partir del concepto de «esquema basado en la dicotomía del género».El enfoque cognitivo destaca la importancia que ejerce la identificación psico-sexual en la adquisición y desarrollo de las ideas de «masculinidad» y «femineidad». Este proceso de partición del mundo en dos clases sexuales diferenciadas ha resultado doblemente pernicioso tanto para varones como para mujeres, empobreciendo, por un lado, el desarrollo global de la personalidad e impidiendo, por otro, el entendimiento entre sus respectivas visiones del mundo. 相似文献
64.
Sarah J. Barber 《Memory (Hove, England)》2013,21(5):462-469
When people recall together in a collaborative group they recall less than their potential. This phenomenon of collaborative inhibition is explained in terms of retrieval disruption. However, collaborative recall also re-exposes individuals to items recalled by others that they themselves might otherwise have forgotten. This re-exposure produces post-collaborative benefits in individual recall. The current study examined whether reduced retrieval disruption during group recall is related not only to less collaborative inhibition, but also to greater post-collaborative recall benefits. To test this we devised a paradigm to calculate the extent to which each individual experienced retrieval disruption during group recall. We also included two types of collaborative groups, one of which was expected to experience greater retrieval disruption than the other. Results suggest that the relationship between retrieval disruption and recall performance depends on the level at which retrieval disruption is measured. When retrieval disruption was assessed at the individual level, then minimising retrieval disruption was associated with higher recall (i.e., less collaborative inhibition and greater post-collaborative individual recall). However, when retrieval disruption was assessed at the group level there was no relationship with recall. Furthermore, the findings from this design suggest a role of cross-cueing in modulating group recall levels. 相似文献
65.
In day-old chicks trained on the one-trial taste-avoidance task, activation of NMDA receptors by glutamate is particularly important in the initial stages of memory consolidation. In addition, acetylcholine receptor activation has been shown to be a necessary component of memory formation for this task because injection of scopolamine produces amnesia. Memantine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, improves memory formation under certain impairing circumstances, despite inhibiting the activation of NMDA receptors. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that memantine can ameliorate scopolamine-induced amnesia in day-old chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) trained on the one-trial taste-avoidance task. Three experiments assessed the effects of scopolamine, memantine, and glutamate in this task. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrated that 50.0 mM scopolamine produces significant amnesia. In Experiment 2, 1.0 mM memantine reversed the scopolamine-induced amnesia, while other doses were ineffective. In Experiment 3, injection of 50.0 mM glutamate in combination with scopolamine reversed the memantine amelioration. These results indicate a relationship between glutamate and acetylcholine in memory formation in the day-old chick. 相似文献
66.
67.
In vision, the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization are generally well understood and remain a subject of detailed analysis. However, the possibility for a unified theory of grouping across visual and auditory modalities remains largely unexplored. Here we present examples of auditory and visual Gestalt grouping, which share important organizational properties. In particular, similarities are revealed between grouping processes in apparent motion, auditory streaming, and static 2-D displays. Given the substantial difference in the context, within which the phenomena in question occur (auditory vs. visual, static vs. dynamic), these similarities suggest that the dynamics of perceptual organization could be associated with a common (possibly central) mechanism. If the relevance of supramodal invariants of grouping is granted, the question arises as to whether they can be studied empirically. We propose that a “force-field” theory, based on a differential-geometric interpretation of perceptual space, could provide a suitable starting point for a systematic exploration of the subjective properties of certain classes of auditory and visual grouping phenomena. 相似文献
68.
Nicholas P. Spanos T. X. Barber Gerald Lang 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2005,40(3):119-128
Eighty Ss were first tested for base-level response to a pain-producing stimulus and then were re-tested on the same pain
stimulus after receiving 1 of 8 experimental treatments. The 8 treatments were arranged in a 2×2×2 factorial design: presence
or absence of hypnotic induction procedure; presence or absence of instructions for anesthesia; and presence or absence of
demands for honest reports. Neither the hypnotic-induction procedure nor the demands for honesty affected the Ss’ reports
of the degree of pain experienced. The anesthesia instructions—“think of the hand as numb and insensitive as if it were a
piece of rubber...”— produced an equal degree of pain reduction in hypnotic and non-hypnotic Ss and in Ss who were and those
who were not exposed to demands for honesty. The results indicate that (a) Ss’ reports of pain are less affected by demands
for honesty and are more closely related to their actual experiences than has been previously assumed and (b) instructions
which direct Ss to exercise cognitive control over painful sensory input are effective (with or without ‘hypnosis’) in reducing
the experience of pain. 相似文献
69.
Jeanette Neden Julie Barber Gail Bradbury Alice Cheung 《Journal of Family Therapy》2011,33(2):224-228
Our intention in the following article is to bring forth connections with spiritual resources in teaching and supervision. We construct this focus within a collaborative learning approach. Methods and techniques used include curiosity, reflexivity inquiry, deconstruction, outsider witness practices and re‐authoring conversations. We evaluate how the dialogue has transformed our abilities to relate to spirituality. 相似文献
70.