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101.
Humans routinely encode and retrieve experiences in interactive, collaborative contexts. Yet much of what we know about human
memory comes from research on individuals working in isolation. Some recent research has examined collaboration during retrieval,
but not much is known about how collaboration during encoding affects memory. We examined this issue. Participants created
episodes by elaborating on study materials alone or collaboratively, and they later performed a cued-recall task alone, with
the study partner, or with a different partner (Experiment 1). Collaborative encoding impaired recall. This counterintuitive
outcome was found for both individual and group recall, even when the same partners collaborated across encoding and retrieval.
This impairment was significantly reduced, but persisted, when the encoding instructions encouraged free-flowing collaboration
(Experiment 2). Thus, the collaborative-encoding deficit is robust in nature and likely occurs because collaborative encoding
produces less effective cues for later retrieval. 相似文献
102.
103.
104.
Michael Barber 《Human Studies》2006,29(2):141-157
Frank Welz’s Kritik der Lebenswelt undertakes a sociology of knowledge criticism of the work of Edmund Husserl and Alfred Schutz that construes them as developing absolutist, egological systems opposed to the “processual” worldview prominent since the modern rise of natural science. Welz, though, misunderstands the work of Schutz and Husserl and neglects how their focus on consciousness and eidetic features pertains to the kind of reflection that one must undertake if one would avoid succumbing to absolutism, that uncovers the presuppositions of the processual worldview itself, and that secures a domain distinctive of philosophy over against sociology. Finally, Welz’s charge that Schutz favors a Neo-Kantian social scientific methodology contradictory to his phenomenology neglects the levels of Schutz’s discourse and ignores how the Weberian ideal-typical approach can be subsumed within phenomenology. 相似文献
105.
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between forgiveness and happiness using a two-dimensional model of happiness (hedonic and eudaimonic happiness). 224 United Kingdom students were administered the Enright Forgiveness Inventory, The Depression–Happiness Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire – Short-form. The present findings suggest that forgiveness accounts for statistically significant variance, albeit quite low, in both hedonic and eudaimonic happiness and the relationships may vary depending on which aspect of happiness is being considered. In terms of shorter-term hedonic happiness, the present findings suggest it is important not to engage in negative cognitions about the transgression. In terms of maintaining eudaimonic happiness, engaging in positive behaviours and feelings may lead to, be the result of, or be very much part of longer-term happiness. 相似文献
106.
Although many human behaviors are held to have adaptive significance, specific examples of behaviors that represent direct holdovers from the ancient world have been few, particularly in the cognitive realm. In the present research, the authors tested the hypothesis that such cognitive examples might in fact exist and be experimentally verifiable. They suggested that human predispositions to learn basic aspects of hunting with relative ease might be "left over" from human evolution in the pre-agricultural past. This hypothesis was tested in 3 experiments with reference to the learning and recall of animal tracks, an activity of probable high adaptive significance within the area of visual memory. Undergraduate students selected at random learned and recalled animal tracks with significantly greater ease than they recalled other animate and inanimate items. A single exception lay in relatively unfamiliar kitchen implements, which were recalled with greater facility than were animal tracks, consistent with current theoretical considerations. Results indicate that direct behavioral holdovers from the ancient world may exist in the cognitive realm and that these may be accessed experimentally and predictably under appropriate conditions. 相似文献
107.
Robert C. Lane Stephen S. Barber Kimberly J. Gregson 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1998,28(2):187-197
This paper surveys the supervisory process with emphasis on the diverging views that have emerged. Countertransference, parallel process, and the role of the supervisor in supervision are highlighted. Other factors affecting the supervisory experience including the selection of which patients to present and the choice of supervisor are also discussed. The paper raises and attempts to answer a number of questions that elicit divergent viewpoints, and these divergent issues are then summarized. 相似文献
108.
Model for the group treatment of eating disorders 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R L Hendren D M Atkins C R Sumner J K Barber 《International journal of group psychotherapy》1987,37(4):589-602
109.
Subjects asked to judge which of two pronunciations of a letter sequence is typical of how that sequence is pronounced in English showed a strong tendency to nominate the linguistically “regular” word in preference to the “irregular” or “exceptional” word. Experiment 1 showed that this tendency was uninfluenced by the frequencies of the words being compared. The effect of regularity was replicated in Experiment 2, which also demonstrated the importance of the method of cuing the common letter sequence; when it was printed beside the words being judged, a stronger regularity effect was obtained than when the words were presented alone. Both experiments also showed a variation in the subjective strength of spelling-sound correspondences, and it was concluded that all-or-nothing conceptualizations of “rules” and "regularity" are oversimplifications. The implications of the findings for the concept of analogies in pronunciation were also considered. 相似文献
110.
A series of “auditory Stroop” experiments is described. These demonstrate an effect of stimulus words presented on speed of judgments of speaker gender and, conversely, an influence of speaker gender on judgments of words presented. In an experiment in which responses to speaker gender were semantically related to, but not identical with, stimulus words, the auditory Stroop effect was attenuated but remained in evidence. Potential parallels between this auditory paradigm and the visual Stroop color/word effect are explored, and it is suggested that the Stroop effects in the two modalities operate along broadly similar lines. The search for a common causal mechanism would therefore be justified. 相似文献