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161.
Billauer BP 《Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal》1999,9(2):159-165
The following comments on Paul Root Wolpe's article "If I Am Only My Genes, What Am I? Genetic Essentialism and a Jewish Response" address (1) his presentation of the relationship between science and culture or religion as unimodal; (2) his misconception of the Jewish view of the physical corpus; and (3) his essential question of genetic determinism by examining the traditional Jewish view of the spiritual aspects of the human. 相似文献
162.
J. Gayle Beck Melinda A. Stanley Barbara J. Zebb 《Journal of Clinical Geropsychology》1999,5(4):281-290
To expand the collection of instruments available for assessment of anxiety in the elderly, this report examined the original and revised Hamilton anxiety scales in a sample of 50 older adults diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and 93 normal community participants (ages 55–82). Although the revised anxiety scale had better discriminant validity (lower correlation with the revised Hamilton depression scale) than the original anxiety and depression scales, a considerable amount of shared variance still existed (41% shared variance, GAD sample alone; 17% control sample alone; 74% shared variance, both samples combined). Near-perfect group classification was possible using 7 items from the original anxiety scale and 10 items from the revised anxiety scale. Results are discussed in light of their implications for use of the Hamilton anxiety rating scale with older anxiety-disordered patients. 相似文献
163.
Jean F. Ayers Evangeline A. Wheeler Maria P. Fracasso M. Paz Galupo Joan S. Rabin Barbara R. Slater 《Journal of Adult Development》1999,6(3):163-173
University reform encompasses an increased emphasis on the social and emotional development of students. In particular, the development of caring, empathy, and community are emphasized. This team of psychology professors approaches the task of university reform by presenting both its philosophy of diversity inclusion and specific inclusion strategies as means of promoting enhanced development of our students. Although the discipline of psychology is used as an example, the philosophical argument and the strategic approaches may be applied to other disciplines. 相似文献
164.
Nicholas B 《Science and engineering ethics》1999,5(4):515-530
Senior molecular geneticists were interviewed about their perceptions of the ethical and social implications of genetic knowledge.
Inductive analysis of these interviews identified a number of strategies through which the scientists negotiated their moral
responsibilities as they participated in generating knowledge that presents difficult ethical questions. These strategies
included: further analysis and application of scientific method; clarification of multiple roles; negotiation with the public
through public debate, institutional processes of funding, ethics committees and legislation; and personal responsibility. 相似文献
165.
Recent research with English developmental dyslexics comparing the picture naming performance of these children to the picture naming performance of non-dyslexic (‘garden variety’) poor readers, reading age matched controls and chronological age matched controls has suggested that a selective difficulty in retrieving the phonological codes of known names on demand underlies the picture naming deficit found in developmental dyslexia (Swan & Goswami, Picture naming deficits in developmental dyslexia: the phonological representations hypothesis, Brain and Language, 56 (1997), 334–353). If the underlying causal factors in dyslexia are independent of the orthography that the child is learning to read, then a difficulty in retrieving the phonological codes of known names on demand should also be found in developmental dyslexics who are learning to read other languages. We therefore set out to replicate Swan and Goswami’s study with a group of German developmental dyslexics. We were interested to see whether a phonological deficit is characteristic of dyslexia in all orthographies, even those, such as German, in which high orthographic transparency means that dyslexic children read with considerable accuracy. 相似文献
166.
Maturation of human fetal response to vibroacoustic stimulation was examined in 163 high risk fetuses from 23 to 36 weeks gestational age (GA). Each fetus received three vibroacoustic trials and three no-stimulus control trials (randomly assigned) while fetal heart rate (FHR) was recorded and body movement was observed on ultrasound scan. For data analyses, fetuses were categorized into preterm compromised (n = 57), preterm healthy (n = 42) and term healthy (n = 64) based on evidence of compromise at birth. Differential maturation was observed among the outcome groups. The term healthy group exhibited a body movement and, on the first stimulus trial, an FHR deceleration response at 27 weeks GA with a shift to an FHR acceleration response at 30 weeks GA. By 33 weeks GA, responding was indistinguishable from that reported for low risk fetuses with response rates of 92% for both movements and FHR accelerations. The preterm healthy outcome group showed a body movement and an FHR acceleration response at 27 weeks GA. Over gestation, there was no maturation of either response. The preterm compromised outcome group showed a body movement response at 24 weeks GA which did not mature. An FHR acceleration response was elicited at 27 weeks GA with the magnitude of the acceleration increasing over gestation; at 33 weeks GA the magnitude was below that observed in the term healthy group. With advancing gestation, the rate of cardiac–movement coupling increased only in the two healthy outcome groups. It was concluded that differential fetal behaviour as a function of fetal/newborn outcome may reflect differential functional development of the fetal nervous system. 相似文献
167.
In this study the relative importance of ethnic categories is investigated among Dutch and Turkish children (10 to 12 years of age). Children were asked to categorize and indicate preferences with respect to eight hypothetical contemporaries in different situations that were described by a combination of ethnicity, gender, and a psychological characteristic (“expressed affect or smartness”). The results show, first, that children preferred to use psychological characteristics for categorization. Second, the use of ethnic categories was domain-dependent: Ethnicity was used less often in indicating preferences for playing than preferences for working on an educational task and for explaining quarrels. Third, the use of ethnic categories was affected by stereotypes. It is concluded that the widely accepted idea that ethnicity plays a central role in the judgements of children in multi-ethnic situations seems overstated. 相似文献
168.
This study tests Fredrickson and Roberts' (1997)assertion that cultural practices of sexuallyobjectifying women's bodies socialize women tointernalize an observer's perspective on their physicalselves. Autobiographical memories can contain imagesfrom two perspectives: the original, first personperspective (field images) and that of an outsideobserver (observer images) (Nigro and Neisser, 1983). We collected autobiographical memories for eventsin general and for specific, potentially objectifyingsituations from a predominantly European-American sampleof 138 female and 104 male students at a private university. Results demonstrated that femaleparticipants reported more observer imagery than maleparticipants both for memories in general and formemories of certain situations wherein women are likely to be sexually objectified. Women's and men'semotional responses to these situations were alsodifferent, with women reporting more negative affect,including shame and anxiety, and less positiveaffect. 相似文献
169.
Kimberly Crook Barbara Rybski Beaver Matthew Bell 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1998,20(4):333-350
Recent research has questioned the validity of identifying depression and anxiety as separate constructs in children. The current investigation examined the usefulness of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C) in differentiating between anxiety and depression in children while also providing needed reliability and validity data on the PANAS-C. In addition, the relationship between positive and negative affect and coping was examined. Subjects included 110 third through fifth graders from a semirural public school setting. Children completed the PANAS-C, as well as self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and coping strategies. Moderate item–total correlations and high internal consistency indicated that the PANAS-C has good reliability. Validity results were mixed: a two-factor solution resembled previous studies, and negative affect was associated with avoidance coping strategies whereas positive affect was associated with approach coping strategies, as expected. However, correlations of positive and negative affect, anxiety, and depression scales suggest that positive and negative affectivity are negatively related in children as opposed to separate and independent constructs. Results of the present investigation question the validity of the use of the PANAS-C for differentiating anxiety and depression with this age group and lend support to the possibility that high overlap between anxiety and depression in this age group may be specific for childhood depression. 相似文献
170.
We examined the relationships among college students'attitudes about women's roles and issues measured directly using the Attitudes toward Women Scale (AWS), and indirectly using a free response measure, thought listing. The two types of measures were significantly related for both sexes, but more strongly related for men than for women. Women were more liberal than men in their responses to the AWS and to all thought listing stimuli except the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). Inter-relationships among responses for different thought listing stimuli were moderate to nonexistent, suggesting that students'attitudes vary greatly depending on the issue or role examined. 相似文献