词汇识别中句子与课文语境效应的研究进展

介绍了词汇识别中有关句子与课文语境效应的三种理论模型及其语境效应的研究方法。同时作者指出了今后研究中需注意的问题     

词的具体性对词汇识别的影响

采用词汇判断法、命名法两种方法考察词的具体性特征对词汇识别的影响。结果表明：（１）两种任务中都存在着词的具体性效应;（２）词的具体性效应只表现在高频词中。作者给出了可能的解释并认为词汇识别中形、音、义的加工存在着交互作用。     

职业生涯高原研究述评

职业生涯高原（career plateau）是指个体在当前组织中的一种职业生涯状态,其概念最早由Ference等（1977）从组织职业生涯管理的角度提出。研究发现,职业生涯高原与一些重要的效果变量有比较显著的关系,比如情感承诺、缺勤、心理倦怠等。本文从职业生涯高原的概念、结构、影响因素、影响效果、应对策略等方面简述了西方研究者在此领域的研究情况,并指出了目前存在的内涵过窄、缺乏过程性研究等问题及今后努力的方向。     

Processing morphologically complex words in second-language learners: The effect of proficiency

The present study explored how the processing of morphologically complex words in second-language (L2) learners changes as their proficiency increases. ERPs were recorded from highly proficient and less proficient L2 learners, using the repetition priming paradigm. Three experimental conditions were investigated: morphological related/unrelated pairs, semantically related/unrelated pairs, and form related/unrelated pairs. The presence of priming in each condition was assessed by comparing responses to targets preceded by related primes with those preceded by unrelated primes. ERP results showed that highly proficient L2 learners demonstrated priming effect within 350–550 ms in the morphological condition, associating with an N400 reduction, while less proficient L2 learners showed no morphological priming effect within the N400 range. Besides, form priming effect was observed in both highly proficient and less proficient L2 learners within 400–450 ms and 450–500 ms, and semantic inhibiting effect was observed in both groups within 450–500 ms, suggesting that less proficient L2 learners were equally sensitive to the word form and meaning. The ERP results indicate that highly proficient L2 learners manifest rule-based decomposition, while less proficient L2 learners rely more on lexical storage in processing morphologically complex words. Less proficient L2 learners have not developed the decomposing mechanism, despite their sensitivity to word form and meaning. The way in which morphologically complex words are processed in L2 learners does change as their proficiency increases, validating the predictions of the declarative/procedural model.     

The priming effect of translation equivalents across languages for concrete and abstract words

The present study used a masked priming paradigm and two language tasks (lexical decision, semantic categorical judgment) to investigate whether concrete and abstract words share the same degree of conceptual representation across languages for bilinguals. The results showed that the priming effect of translation equivalents did not differ for concrete and abstract words in the lexical decision task, in both prime-target directions (in Experiment 1). The same results were also found in the semantic categorical judgment task in either prime-target direction (in Experiment 2). Our results do not provide support for the representation difference hypothesis of concrete and abstract words of Distributed Representation Model (De Groot, 1992a, 1992b; Van Hell & De Groot, 1998), which assumes that concrete words share more semantic components in the conceptual representations across languages, compared with abstract words. Rather, our findings suggest that both concrete and abstract words have the same degree of overlap in conceptual representations across a bilingual's two languages.     

Cross-Language Translation Priming Asymmetry with Chinese-English Bilinguals: A Test of the Sense Model

The present study aimed to test the Sense Model of cross-linguistic masked translation priming asymmetry, proposed by Finkbeiner et al. (J Mem Lang 51:1–22, 2004), by manipulating the number of senses that bilingual participants associated with words from both languages. Three lexical decision experiments were conducted with Chinese-English bilinguals. In Experiment 1, polysemous L2 words and their L1 Chinese single-sense translation equivalents were selected as primes and targets. In Experiment 2, single-sense L1 words and their L2 translation equivalents with polysemous senses severed as primes and targets. We found translation priming effects in the L1–L2 direction, but not in the L2–L1 direction. In Experiment 3, presentation time of the L2 priming stimulus was prolonged, and significant translation priming effects were observed in the L2–L1 direction. These findings suggest that the Sense Model does not adequately explain cross-language translation priming asymmetry. The sense numbers of primes and targets, as well as the activation proportion of these senses between them, were possibly not the primary reason for cross-language translation priming asymmetry. The revised hierarchical model (Kroll and Stewart in J Mem Lang 33:149–174, 1994) and the BIA+ model (Dijkstra and van Heuven in Bilingualism Lang Cognit 5:175–197, 2002) better explain the cross-language translation priming asymmetry we found.     

职业决策困难研究述评

职业决策困难是指个人在职业决策过程中所遇到的各种难题,其一直是生涯心理学当中一个非常重要的研究主题.它会以两种方式影响职业决策结果:一是,导致个体无法做出决定;二是,导致个体做出劣质决定.本文回顾了1980～2012年国内外相关研究,对职业决策困难的概念界定、亚类型、结构、测量工具、影响因素和干预措施进行了系统梳理.在此基础上,对未来研究方向进行了展望,指出未来研究需要进一步清晰界定职业决策困难的内涵和外延、对维度构成达成共识、深入探索形成机制以及加强定制化干预研究.     

词汇习得年龄和频率对词汇识别的影响

三个实验考察词汇习得年龄和频率在词汇识别中的作用。实验结果表明：词汇习得年龄是影响汉语双字词词汇识别的重要因素,表现为早期习得的词汇比晚期习得的词汇更具有加工的优势。词汇习得年龄和频率独立地影响汉语双字词的识别过程．它们之间的效应是一种相加的关系。本研究还对词汇习得年龄效应的机制进行了讨论。     

词汇习得年龄效应的研究进展

近年来的大量研究表明,词汇习得的年龄是影响词汇加工的一个重要因素。本文首先阐述了词汇习得年龄效应产生的可能机制,包括语音完整性假设、累计频率假设、任意映射假设和语义假设,然后介绍近年来研究的最新动向,并提出了需要进一步研究的问题。     

优势分析方法及其应用

优势分析是近年来由Budescu等人新发展起来的一种确定多元回归方程中各预测变量相对重要性的方法。与传统方法相比,优势分析突出的特点是,全面比较了在由全模型所衍生出来的所有子模型情况下,各预测变量(X1,X…XP)在解释或预测标准变量у时,它们之间的相对重要性。本文从基本原理以及具体操作过程对这一新的统计分析方法进行了详细介绍。