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981.
PIER was designed to explain findings related to tasks involving an encoding phase and a testing phase in which retrieval cues prime the recovery of what has been encoded. The model assumes that retrieval cues initiate the sampling of associated memories linked to the encoded information and that sampled memories are subjected to a recognition check to determine whether they meet criteria specified by the purpose of the retrieval. The model explains how the number of implicitly activated associates linked to a studied word affects its later recovery and predicts that words infrequently experienced will be recovered with greater likelihood than words frequently experienced. This prediction was tested and confirmed in two experiments in which the associative set size and the frequency of the studied words were manipulated. Implications for the study of implicit memory are considered. 相似文献
982.
There is a lack of quick, valid, and cost effective methods for selection of low-and mid-level managerial personnel. Using
content-valid methods to develop managerial selection instruments may reap substantial benefits for applicants as well as
for the organizations using such tools. To this end, based upon extensive job analysis, a content-valid managerial selection
test was developed. Criterion-based validity collected on the new instrument suggested that an instrument developed using
content-valid procedures can also show acceptable levels of criterion validity. 相似文献
983.
This paper reviews the scattered and diffuse literature on the tolerance of ambiguity construct (AT). The work by Frenkel-Brunswik
(1948) is considered in some detail to help explain the origin of the concept as well as its diffusion to many areas of psychology.
Second, thirty years of correlational research, which looks at the studies correlating AT measures with a variety of psychological
variables, are reviewed. Third, evidence for the differential distribution of AT among particular groups is reviewed. Fourth,
the psychometric properties of the various self-report AT measures are considered in some detail. The two final sections look
at organizational and cultural correlates of AT (the areas currently most interested in the AT concept). The conclusion attempts
to explain varying patterns of interest in the AT construct and its current status. 相似文献
984.
This study investigated the effects of mood induction on Stroop color-naming times for threat-related words. The subjects’
task was to color-name sets of threat-related words and affectively neutral matched control words both before and after mood-induction.
Subjects were shown a short film about the medical effects of nuclear war (negative affect manipulation), a humorous cartoon,
or no film. A significant and highly reliable color-naming decrement of the threat-related words was observed only after the
negative affect manipulation. This indicates that the attentional bias towards the processing of threat-related material observed
in clinically anxious or high Trait-Anxious subjects can be induced in initially nonanxious subjects. An incidental recall
task included in the procedure provided no evidence of mood state dependent recall. 相似文献
985.
本研究运用 WISC-CR研究了小学阶段一、三、五年级优生与学习不良儿童在智力水平与智力结构上的异同。研究结果表明 :1优生与学习不良儿童在智力水平上有十分显著的差异 ,优生的平均智商为 1 2 0 .1 ,学习不良儿童的平均智商为 97.4;2优生在操作分量表与语言分量表上的得分比较均匀 ,但学习不良儿童的操作智商显著地优于语言智商 ;3优生与学习不良儿童在智力结构上也不尽相同 ,优生在词汇、积木、类同等分测验上的得分高 ,在算术、背数、排列等分测验上的得分较低 ;学习不良儿童在拼图、译码、填图、词汇等分测验上的得分较高 ,在常识、算术、背数等上的得分较低。 相似文献
986.
正负性情绪的自主生理反应实验研究 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
随机抽取24名大学生(男女各半)观看了两段内容不同的录像片段,对观看录像时的主观体验和心率(HR)、指端脉搏容积(FPV)的变化情况做了研究。结果表明:①实验选用的两段录像分别诱发出了正性和负性情绪.②不同情绪下的自主生理反应是不同的。正性情绪下,HR变化不显著,FPV显著下降;负性情绪下,HR显著增加,FPV显著下降。③不同情绪下的生理反应恢复速度没有差异,但不同生理指标的恢复速度有差异,HR的恢复速度比FPV的快.④正性情绪下,HR和FPV之间的相关很低;负情情绪下。两种生理指标之间里显著的负相关.⑤性别只对生理指标的基础值有影响。 相似文献
987.
超常与常态儿童的兴趣、动机与创造性思维的比较研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在超常儿童研究领域存在着许多争议的问题,超常儿童的智力与创造力的关系问题就是其中的一个。为了更好地解释超常儿童的创造力与智力的本质关系,我们曾提出了“创造性系统模型”。本研究的主要目的是进一步证实模型提出的假设。本研究以超常和常态儿童为被试对儿童的兴趣、动机与创造性思维的关系作了进一步的考察。结果发现:(1)超常儿童的图形、数字和实用创造性思维的流畅性和独创性成绩都明显高于常态儿童;(2)超常和常态儿童的创造性思维与兴趣、动机之间存在显著的相关;(3)兴趣和动机得分较高的被拭的创造性思维得分显著高于兴趣和动机得分较低的被试;(4)超常儿童中有相当部分处于低兴趣和低动机水平,而常态儿童中却有相当部分处于高兴趣和高动机水平。因此,本研究从一个侧面进一步支持了系统模型中提出的有关儿童创造性的假设 相似文献
988.
Male and female respondents rated jokes with either a female initiator/male target of joke or vice versa. For male respondents,
the gender of the joke target made no difference. For female respondents, however, jokes with males as the target received
significantly higher ratings than jokes with females as the target. 相似文献
989.
The role of oral stimulation in the control of ingestive behavior was investigated using an airlicking procedure. It was hypothesized
that the oral experience of airlicking would inhibit subsequent ingestive activity (water intake), possibly via an habituation
process as suggested by recent research (Swithers, 1996). Rats were implanted with gastric cannulas and trained to lick at
a stream of air. Experimental conditions con-sisted of combinations of airlicking and intragastric hydration followed by oral
intake of water. In support of the main hypothesis, airlicking did reduce subsequent ingestive activity. While the role of
habituation was not tested directly, the results lend support to the proposal that oral stimulation does control ingestion,
and this control could act through an habituation process. 相似文献
990.
The study examined the job-search intentions and subsequent behavior of 32 unemployed males and 32 unemployed females, median
age of 43 years, in relation to conscientiousness and the lower-order trait procrastination and to rated person-task characteristics
of importance, pleasantness, and competence regarding 14 job-search activities. At Time 1, conscientiousness was positively
related to each of the person-task characteristics and to intentions to engage in the composite of job-search activities;
trait procrastination was not. At Time 2, two weeks later, trait procrastination predicted self-reported job-search behaviors,
controlling for initial intentions, with pro-crastinators exhibiting less job-search activity in the two week interim, compared
to nonprocrastinators. Both conscientiousness and trait procrastination were related to a direct self-report measure of dilatory
behavior. The three person-task characteristics were found to mediate the relation of conscientiousness to job-search intentions
and to dilatory behavior. In addition, perceived task pleasantness moderated the relation of conscientiousness to job-search
behavior, controlling for intentions, such that higher levels of conscientiousness were associated with increases in behavior
only under conditions of low task pleasantness. Discussion centered on the prominent role of the person-task characteristics
and on the place of conscientiousness and trait procrastination in predicting intentions and behavior. 相似文献