全文获取类型
收费全文 | 35190篇 |
免费 | 1428篇 |
国内免费 | 24篇 |
专业分类
36642篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 402篇 |
2019年 | 512篇 |
2018年 | 728篇 |
2017年 | 742篇 |
2016年 | 789篇 |
2015年 | 586篇 |
2014年 | 681篇 |
2013年 | 3288篇 |
2012年 | 1202篇 |
2011年 | 1273篇 |
2010年 | 762篇 |
2009年 | 767篇 |
2008年 | 1038篇 |
2007年 | 1090篇 |
2006年 | 1013篇 |
2005年 | 945篇 |
2004年 | 873篇 |
2003年 | 896篇 |
2002年 | 901篇 |
2001年 | 984篇 |
2000年 | 932篇 |
1999年 | 753篇 |
1998年 | 409篇 |
1997年 | 403篇 |
1996年 | 400篇 |
1995年 | 357篇 |
1994年 | 333篇 |
1993年 | 321篇 |
1992年 | 589篇 |
1991年 | 592篇 |
1990年 | 557篇 |
1989年 | 512篇 |
1988年 | 500篇 |
1987年 | 491篇 |
1986年 | 507篇 |
1985年 | 548篇 |
1984年 | 463篇 |
1983年 | 402篇 |
1982年 | 328篇 |
1981年 | 333篇 |
1979年 | 456篇 |
1978年 | 361篇 |
1975年 | 368篇 |
1974年 | 452篇 |
1973年 | 454篇 |
1972年 | 345篇 |
1971年 | 329篇 |
1970年 | 316篇 |
1968年 | 381篇 |
1967年 | 334篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
981.
The adolescent substance abuser, like adult addicts, is most commonly considered from the perspective of the disease model. The usefulness of the disease model in conceptualizing adolescent substance abuse is questioned, and an alternative view of the topic is set forth. Substance abuse, is regarded as an adaptive aspect of the ongoing interactive processes within the family. The developmental process of the adolescent substance abuser is seen as a functional dynamic in the family's preservation. Three characteristic elements of parental interaction common to the development of adolescent substance abuse are highlighted.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Texas Association for Marriage and Family Therapy annual conference on January 28, 1993 in Houston Texas.a research associate and director of the Don D. Jackson Archive at the Mental Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA. Authors are listed alphabetically. 相似文献
982.
983.
Liss MB 《Ethics & behavior》1994,4(2):133-146
During the past 20 years, states have increasingly expanded the lists of individuals who are obligated to report their suspicions of child abuse and neglect. These legal requirements are juxtaposed with ethical considerations in research and professional practice. The ethical issues include the obligation to maintain both confidentiality of information provided by human participants and the safety and protection of these participants. This article reviews the types of state child abuse reporting statutes and outlines the categories of mandated reporters. I develop a model of how individual researchers should approach deciding whether they are mandated reporters of child abuse and neglect. 相似文献
984.
David Fryer 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》1994,4(1):11-14
Demystification, eschewing roles that disempower others and enhancing accessibility to the tools of knowledge, are consistent with the aims of community and applied social psychology. Although a focus on psychological empowerment can be a distraction from the need for actual power, it can also enhance it. Psychologists who avoid victim blaming and individual causal attribution biases can contribute to the discourse about social change. This requires both a reinterpretation of the known facts, and a reframing of social analysis. Social scientists and professionals are today's theologians and priests. Our power lies in our legitimation as interpreters of social reality. Teaching the psychology of empowerment, participative decision making and informed consent can influence the powerful as well as the powerless. 相似文献
985.
David M. Price 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》1994,15(1):53-60
This article reports in detail an ethics case consultation involving a decision to forgo life-sustaining treatment for a middle-aged man following a “massive” cerebral bleed resulting in profound brain damage, but not unconsciousness. An unusual feature of this case is that, despite normal intelligence, caring family relationships and a history of life-threatening cardiac disease, vigorous and sustained inquiry could not elicitany indications of this patient's values, perceptions or preferences regarding end of life care. Other than a deliberately autobiographical methodological prologue and a few brief comments at the end, the case is presented straightforwardly and without intercurrent analysis. 相似文献
986.
Cognitive function after open-heart surgery: Are postoperative neuropsychological deficits caused by cardiopulmonary bypass? 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ralph H. B. Benedict 《Neuropsychology review》1994,4(3):223-255
Despite the many technological developments in arterial perfusion and cardiac surgical procedures, open-heart surgery is still believed to pose a significant risk for cerebral injury. There are several potential causes of brain damage during open-heart surgery, including prolonged or severe arterial hypotension, as well as emboli emanating from the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit or the operative field. This article reviews the available neuropsychological studies of outcome following cardiac valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting. Because both procedures are life-saving operations, the research in this area has been quasi-experimental and fraught with methodological problems. Nonetheless, the findings converge to suggest that cognitive dysfunction occurs after open-heart surgery, and that the deficits are attributable, at least in part, to factors specific to the operation or to the patient being maintained on cardiopulmonary bypass. Preliminary findings suggest that embolization is the primary cause of perioperative deficits in uncomplicated operations. Studies have also consistently found preoperative deficits in this population, suggesting that neuropsychological dysfunction is caused by severe chronic cardiac disease as well as open-heart surgery. 相似文献
987.
In three experiments, subjects made shape discriminations of three-dimensional objects differing in orientation, number of bends, and location of bends (e.g., the central arm vs. a minor subarm). In general, encoding times at 0° disparity on bothsame anddifferent trials were affected by the number of bends, but only after a certain threshold of bends in the objects had been reached (Experiment 1). This effect was not due to the subjects’ having to search for matching ends of the objects (Experiment 2). In contrast, rotation rates were influenced by the location of the bends, but not by the number of bends per se (Experiment 3). The results support a representational scheme that is hierarchical, but not necessarily one in which the principal axis of an object is paramount. 相似文献
988.
Pizlo and Salack-Golyska (1994) have raised an important question about the validity of the interpretation of experiments reported by Lappin and Love (1992)—based on the fact that alternative cues in the image plane might have supported the shape discriminations in those experiments. The meaning of the hypothesis that visual space may be scaled by congruence under motion is clarified, pertinent evidence is reviewed, and new experimental evidence is reported We conclude that visual space can be metrically scaled by congruence of moving shapes. 相似文献
989.
Frank B. Baker 《Psychometrika》1965,30(2):165-178
The sampling properties of four item discrimination indices (biserialr, Cook's indexB, theU–L 27 per cent index, and DeltaP) were investigated in order to ascertain their sampling properties when small samples drawn from actual test data rather than constructed data were employed. The empirical results indicated that the mean index values approximated the population values and that values of the standard deviations computed from large sample formulas were good approximations to the standard deviations of the observed distributions based on samples of size 120 or less. Goodness of fit tests comparing the observed distributions with the corresponding distribution of the product-moment correlation coefficient based upon a bivariate normal population indicated that this correlational model was inappropriate for the data. The lack of adequate mathematical models for the sampling distributions of item discrimination indices suggests that one should avoid indices whose only real reason for existence was the simplification of computational procedures.This research reported herein was performed pursuant to a contract (OE-2-10-071) with the United States Office of Education, Department of Health, Education and Welfare. 相似文献
990.