情绪词编码的不同方式对ECM的影响

该研究采用ECM实验范式,操纵被试编码阶段加工方式,分析被试情绪状态与记忆成绩之间关系。情绪电影片段诱发被试高兴或悲伤情绪后,要求被试在学习情绪词时进行有意记忆或熟悉判断或结构判断,完成分心任务后进行自由回忆。结果发现:高兴组和悲伤组采用三种加工方式学习情绪词时均出现ECM;在高兴或悲伤状态下,被试进行结构判断学习情绪词时ECM效应量大,进行有意记忆和熟悉判断学习情绪词时ECM效应量小。     

小学五年级学生英语阅读知觉广度的眼动研究

使用Eyelink2000型眼动仪,采用经典的呈现随眼动变化技术,对24名被试在不同窗口条件下英文阅读的眼动指标进行记录和分析,以考察小学五年级学生英语阅读的知觉广度。研究结果表明:小学五年级学生英语阅读的知觉广度的右侧范围是注视点右侧5-8个字符空间。     

BDNF: a key regulator for protein synthesis-dependent LTP and long-term memory?

It is generally believed that late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP) and long-term memory (LTM) require new protein synthesis. Although the full complement of proteins mediating the long-lasting changes in synaptic efficacy have yet to be identified, several lines of evidence point to a crucial role for activity-induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in generating sustained structural and functional changes at hippocampal synapses thought to underlie some forms of LTM. In particular, BDNF is sufficient to induce the transformation of early to late-phase LTP in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors, and inhibition of BDNF signaling impairs LTM. Despite solid evidence for a critical role of BDNF in L-LTP and LTM, many issues are not resolved. Given that BDNF needs to be processed in Golgi outposts localized at the branch point of one or few dendrites, a conceptually challenging problem is how locally synthesized BDNF in dendrites could ensure synapse-specific modulation of L-LTP. An interesting alternative is that BDNF-TrkB signaling is involved in synaptic tagging, a prominent hypothesis that explains how soma-derived protein could selectively modulate the tetanized (tagged) synapse. Finally, specific roles of BDNF in the acquisition, retention or extinction of LTM remain to be established.     

《周易》神韵的文化透视——《坤》“龙战于野”的再认识

“战”之词义,主要有两解：一曰交战,一曰交媾。本文认为“战”在哲学层面上体现为斗争与相合的统一,相合是其本质,“交战”义则违背了“生生之谓易”之至理;征之帛书《周易》和《焦氏易林》．认为“战”确有“交媾”义,怛“交媾”未能传达《易》“战”形神兼备之神韵：“战”既勃发着流宕不羁的野性,又凸现至情至睦之质;既充满情感,又饱含形象性,它是远古时代情蕴的写照。对于这样一个浓缩了《周易》精神的词汇,我们应该从哲学和情感两个层面上把握它。而不应该简单化、机械化地观照它。     

认知灵活性和顿悟表征转换：练习类型的影响

以停车场问题为实验材料,以42名大学生为被试,探讨认知灵活性高和低的被试在不同练习类型下顿悟问题表征转换的差异。结果表明：1）不同的练习类型对顿悟表征转换有影响,被试在难度逐渐增加的练习类型下比在简单的练习类型下顿悟产生得更快;2）顿悟表征转换的速度因认知灵活性的不同有差异,在简单的练习类型下,认知灵活性高的被试比认知灵活性低的被试顿悟产生得更早,在难度逐渐增加的练习类型下两者无差异;3）认知灵活性高的被试比认知灵活性低的被试顿悟问题解决更快。     

A Mencian Version of Limited Democracy

The compatibility between Western democracy and other cultures, and the desirability of democracy, are two important problems in democratic theory. Following an insight from John Rawls’s later philosophy, and using some key passages in Mencius, I will show the compatibility between a ‘thin’ version of liberal democracy and Confucianism. Moreover, elaborating on Mencius’s ideas of the responsibility of government for the physical and moral well-being of the people, the respectability of the government and the ruling elite, and the competence-based limited political participation, I shall explore the Mencian criticisms of some ‘thick’ democratic ideas. Through the discussion in this paper, I hope to show the relevance of Confucianism to contemporary political philosophy and society.

中小学生情绪调节策略的发展特点

情绪调节策略近年已成为发展与教育心理学的研究热点.本研究采用问卷法考察了中小学生情绪调节策略的年级、性别、学业水平发展特点.结果表明在认知重评策略上无性别差异,有年级差异,有学业水平差异,高年级较低年级、高学业水平较低学业水平更倾向采用认知重评策略;在表达抑制策略上无年级差异,无学业水平差异,有性别差异,男生较女生更倾向采用表达抑制策略.     

不同生活取向学生的应对策略与自我概念

对515名初中生进行生活取向、应对策略和自我概念调查,探讨不同生活取向者的应对策略和自我概念特征,以及不同类型中应对策略与自我概念的关系.分析结果发现,在不同生活取向类型中乐观主义者占优势;不同生活取向者间的应对策略和自我概念存在显著差异;不同生活取向类型中积极应对与自我概念有密切关系,消极应对与自我概念相关不显著.     

不同年级学生阅读知觉广度及预视效益的眼动研究

本研究以小学五年级学生和大学生为被试, 采用眼动技术, 从阅读知觉广度和副中央凹预视效益相结合的角度考察读者在阅读过程中一次注视获得信息的情况。实验一采用呈现随眼动变化技术探讨了不同年级学生一次注视获取信息的范围, 即阅读知觉广度。实验二采用边界范式进一步考察不同年级学生在知觉广度范围内, 副中央凹预视获取信息的类型。研究发现, 大学生读者知觉广度范围较大, 能够在副中央凹预视中获取字形和语音的信息, 而小学生读者的知觉广度范围较小, 在副中央凹预视中仅能获取字形的信息。上述结果表明, 不同年级学生在注视时, 获取信息的范围及在副中央凹预视时获取信息的类型上均存在一定差异。