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61.
The Effects of Alcohol Intoxication on Accuracy and the Confidence–Accuracy Relationship in Photographic Simultaneous Line‐ups
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Heather D. Flowe Melissa F. Colloff Nilda Karoğlu Katarzyna Zelek Hannah Ryder Joyce E. Humphries Melanie K.T. Takarangi 《Applied cognitive psychology》2017,31(4):379-391
Acute alcohol intoxication during encoding can impair subsequent identification accuracy, but results across studies have been inconsistent, with studies often finding no effect. Little is also known about how alcohol intoxication affects the identification confidence–accuracy relationship. We randomly assigned women (N = 153) to consume alcohol (dosed to achieve a 0.08% blood alcohol content) or tonic water, controlling for alcohol expectancy. Women then participated in an interactive hypothetical sexual assault scenario and, 24 hours or 7 days later, attempted to identify the assailant from a perpetrator present or a perpetrator absent simultaneous line‐up and reported their decision confidence. Overall, levels of identification accuracy were similar across the alcohol and tonic water groups. However, women who had consumed tonic water as opposed to alcohol identified the assailant with higher confidence on average. Further, calibration analyses suggested that confidence is predictive of accuracy regardless of alcohol consumption. The theoretical and applied implications of our results are discussed.© 2017 The Authors Applied Cognitive Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
62.
Nazlı Büşra Akçabozan Brandon T. McDaniel Shannon A. Corkery Melissa A. Curran 《Sex roles》2017,77(3-4):194-208
We use interdependence theory and the inertia model to examine how gender and daily relational sacrifices predict daily variability in relationship commitment across a week in 43 U.S. couples who are unmarried cohabitors expecting their first child together (total of 455 days of data). We examined three variants of daily relational sacrifices: frequency, ease, and awareness for both individuals and partners, and we tested for gender differences. Using an Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM), we found that both women and men reported lower variability in commitment when men were perceived as highly aware of the sacrifices made for them. Additionally, women experienced lower variability in commitment when their male partners reported engaging in easier sacrifices. In contrast, women reported higher variability in commitment when they reported greater frequency of sacrifices for their partner. The results can be of practical use for practitioners working with expectant cohabitors and their partners given the unique role gender plays relative to how sacrifices shape variability in daily commitment. 相似文献
63.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of face consciousness on happiness and the moderating role of financial situation on this relationship. We first examined our hypotheses in study 1 in a particular setting of consumption, and replicated our findings in study 2 in a more generalized setting of interpersonal situations. The two studies produced essentially consistent results. We found individuals high on face consciousness tend to be less happy, and the negative association between face consciousness and happiness is ameliorated by their financial situation. These results revealed the importance of face consciousness as an individual difference in predicting happiness. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed. 相似文献
64.
Ömer Faruk Şimşek 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(3):421-442
The major problem with the current emotional well-being scales is that they lack intentionality (being about something), which
makes them incongruent with the definition of subjective well-being. A new emotional well-being scale with new affect adjectives
has been developed by addressing intentionality. It focuses on individuals’ affective evaluations of their life and has showed
good psychometric quality. In the first and second studies, the factor structure of the scale, the Emotional Well-Being Scale,
was determined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Study 3 showed that the scores on the scale were stable in
time. The fourth and fifth studies indicated that this new construct did not overlap with personality dimensions of extraversion
and neuroticism, with impressive predictive and incremental validity estimates. 相似文献
65.
Melikşah Demir Ayça Özen Aysun Doğan Nicholas A. Bilyk Fanita A. Tyrell 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(6):983-1005
Decades of empirical research have shown that friendship experiences are an essential predictor of happiness. However, what might account for the relationship between friendship and happiness? Two studies investigated perceived mattering (Marshall, J Adolesc 24:473–490, 2001) as a mediator of the association between friendship quality and happiness. Study 1 showed that perceived mattering to one’s best friend mediated the relationship between friendship and happiness. Study 2 replicated the findings of the first study and showed that mattering in friendships accounts for the role of friendship quality in happiness across the three closest friendships of the individual. The results are discussed in terms of the theoretical importance of understanding how friendship is related to happiness. 相似文献
66.
We investigated the effect of level-of-processing manipulations on "remember" and "know" responses in episodic melody recognition (Experiments 1 and 2) and how this effect is modulated by item familiarity (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, participants performed 2 conceptual and 2 perceptual orienting tasks while listening to familiar melodies: judging the mood, continuing the tune, tracing the pitch contour, and counting long notes. The conceptual mood task led to higher d' rates for "remember" but not "know" responses. In Experiment 2, participants either judged the mood or counted long notes of tunes with high and low familiarity. A level-of-processing effect emerged again in participants' "remember" d' rates regardless of melody familiarity. Results are discussed within the distinctive processing framework. 相似文献
67.
元认知知识是元认知的主要成份之一,它由三部分知识组成:认知主体方面的知识、认知任务方面的知识和认知策略方面的知识。在教学过程中加强对学生元认知知识的培养与训练,有利于学生学会学习,从而达到最佳的学习效果。元认知知识的评定难以在大规模考试中实现,应该综合运用多种方法在日常教学中加以评定,并作为主要任务之一纳入学生的形成性评价。 相似文献
68.
This study sets out to investigate the changes in the perception of women in leading positions in communist and postcommunist Romania. The study uses a noninvasive paradigm of analyzing the content of obituaries for women and men in leading positions published in a national journal, and shows that the gender gap in management widened during the postcommunist period. In postcommunist Romania, women are perceived as being less able to lead/manage and more relational in their leadership style as compared to men, while in the communist period the gender differences were not significant. 相似文献
69.
This study explored the relationships among hostile sexism (HS), benevolent sexism (BS), and religiosity for men and women in Turkey, where Islam is the predominant religion. 73 male and 93 female university students completed measures of ambivalent sexism and religiosity. Replicating previous work with Christians, religiosity was a significant correlate of BS when HS was controlled, for both men and women. As predicted, and in contrast to previous research with Christians, partial correlations indicated that Muslim religiosity was a significant correlate of HS for men, when BS was controlled, but not for women. Women but not men showed a significant difference between religiosity’s partial correlations with HS and BS. The results were discussed in the light of relevant literature. 相似文献
70.
Melikşah Demir 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2010,11(3):293-313
The present investigation examined the role of multiple close relationships (mother, father, best friend, and romantic partner,
if any) in happiness among emerging adults with and without a romantic partner. The results for those without a partner (n = 152) revealed that only the relationship experiences with mother and best friend were predictive of happiness. On the other
hand, the findings for those with a partner (n = 159) showed that only three factors, namely mother–child relationship quality, romantic relationship quality and conflict
were predictive of happiness. The results for this group also suggested that romantic relationship quality was protective
of best friendship conflict; moreover, best friendship quality did not buffer the negative impact of romantic partner conflict
on happiness, suggesting a less important role of best friends in happiness. In other words, the findings suggest that when
emerging adults are involved in a romantic relationship, friends’ importance in happiness might be less pronounced or not
pronounced at all. The results were discussed in light of the literature and suggestions were made for future research. 相似文献