同伴侵害对留守青少年主观幸福感的影响:自尊和社会支持的作用

采用追踪设计,对贵州省487名留守青少年进行间隔6个月的两次追踪调查,考察同伴侵害对男女留守青少年主观幸福感的影响以及自尊、教师支持和朋友支持在其中的作用。结果表明：（1）同伴侵害不仅能显著负向预测半年后留守青少年的主观幸福感,还能通过自尊的中介作用间接预测主观幸福感;（2）朋友支持可以显著缓解同伴侵害对男女留守青少年主观幸福感的消极影响：当朋友支持较低时,同伴侵害对男女留守青少年主观幸福感的消极作用显著,当朋友支持较高时则不存在显著影响;（3）教师支持可以显著缓解同伴侵害对留守女生主观幸福感的直接作用：相对于高教师支持的女生,同伴侵害对主观幸福感的影响在低教师支持的女生中更强;教师支持还可以调节留守女生同伴侵害与自尊之间的关系：相对于低教师支持的女生,同伴侵害对自尊的影响在高教师支持的女生中更显著。     

Impaired Memory Retention and Decreased Long-Term Potentiation in Integrin-Associated Protein-Deficient Mice

Previously, we have demonstrated that integrin-associated protein (IAP) mRNA level is approximately fourfold higher in rats showing good retention performance (600 sec) than rats showing poor retention performance (<80 sec) in an inhibitory avoidance learning paradigm. In the present study, we have used the gene-targeted IAP-deficient mice to further investigate the role of IAP involved in memory formation and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in vivo. Results revealed that there was a significant impairment in memory retention and a significant reduction in the magnitude of LTP in IAP-deficient mice when compared with the wild-type and heterozygote mice, whereas the wild-type and heterozygote animals did not show marked differences on these measures. Furthermore, the impairment in retention performance of IAP-deficient mice was not due to different sensitivities of these animals to the electric shock. When we examined locomotor activity and rotarod treadmill performance, no differences were observed among these three groups of animals either. Western blot analysis confirmed the lack of IAP protein in IAP-deficient mice, whereas IAP expression was similar in both the wild-type and heterozygote controls. These results together demonstrate that IAP plays an important role in the process of memory formation and synaptic plasticity in mice.     

残疾儿童的父母如何调适心路历程

残疾儿童给其父母的心路历程造成了极其重要的影响,这些父母心理调适的好坏在很大程度上决定了残疾儿童的发展,分析了残疾儿童父母心理历程的阶段性和残疾儿童的父母如何进行心理调适。最后指出了特殊教育工作者的职责。     

舞动治疗：一种自下而上的精神分裂症干预探索

皮层-基底节-丘脑网络与脑岛网络属于感觉运动相关网络, 这两个网络的改变可能是导致精神分裂症的重要原因。目前主流研究与临床干预聚焦于患者的高级脑区异常, 对感觉运动系统的关注不足。对健康个体的研究发现舞蹈训练对感觉运动相关脑网络具有显著提升作用, 并自下而上地促进高级功能。以上研究提示舞蹈训练可能是干预精神分裂症、改善患者认知功能的新途径。本研究拟借助多模态磁共振成像技术, 以精神分裂症感觉运动相关网络为着力点, 通过分析精神分裂症患者在舞蹈训练前后的脑影像、临床症状及认知行为的改变, 揭示舞蹈训练临床干预的神经机制。     

Understanding The Curvilinear Relationships between LMX Differentiation and Team Coordination and Performance

The leader–member exchange (LMX) literature argues that leaders develop different quality dyadic relationships with members in the same team (i.e., LMX differentiation). Research has generally not found support for a linear (i.e., main effect) relationship between LMX differentiation and team performance; rather, moderators typically determine whether the relationship is significantly positive or negative. Examining linear effect moderators alone, however, does not account for (a) potential curvilinear (i.e., inverted U‐shaped) effects, (b) explanatory mechanisms of how LMX differentiation influences team performance, or (c) moderators of curvilinear effects. Integrating social identity theory with LMX differentiation research, we propose inverted U‐shaped relationships between LMX differentiation and both team coordination (as a mediator) and team performance (as an outcome), and we examine both team size and team power distance orientation as moderators. Using data from 928 employees in 145 teams in 3 organizations, we found an inverted U‐shaped relationship between LMX differentiation and team coordination, which, in turn, partially mediated LMX differentiation's inverted U‐shaped relationship with team performance. Larger teams, or those with higher team power distance orientation, benefit more from LMX differentiation. By integrating social identity theory with LMX differentiation research, we enhance the understanding of the processes by, and conditions under, which LMX differentiation affects team performance both positively and negatively.     

Positive and Negative Affect in Loss Aversion: Additive or Subtractive Logic?

Previous studies explain loss aversion as the result of a situation in which the expected negative emotions derived from a potential loss exceed the expected positive emotions derived from a potential gain (subtractive logic). We questioned this view and proposed additive logic, in which a linear combination between negative and positive emotions can be used as summed anticipatory affect intensity (SAAI) to explain loss aversion. By disproving two implicit hypotheses of subtractive logic, Study 1 showed that the additive logic of expected positive and negative affect was more effective than the subtractive logic in predicting loss aversion. Study 2 used real monetary gains and losses to verify the conclusion in Study 1. Using state‐trait theory to comprehensively consider the state and trait aspects of affect intensity, we further deduced that the immediate expected affect intensity might originate from the difference of an individual trait in affect intensity. Study 3 proved this hypothesis and showed that SAAI plays an intermediary role between affect intensity and loss aversion. Furthermore, Study 4 used real gamblers in casinos in Macau as its sample and obtained the same conclusion regarding loss aversion in real life as was found in the laboratory. Finally, we explained the effect of SAAI on loss aversion and indicated the contribution and significance of this study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of price discounts on green consumerism behavioral intentions

Green consumerism encourages consumers to demonstrate environmentally friendly behavior for protecting the environment and health of human beings. For example, if consumers wish to purchase take‐out beverages, they are encouraged to bring their own cups or water bottles rather than use disposable cups. This study, through 2 experiments, discussed the use of price discounts for encouraging green consumerism behavioral intentions. Experiment 1 examined the relationships among a green promotion setting, perceived nonmonetary and monetary sacrifice, and purchase intention toward the list price. The results of hierarchical regression models based on 120 valid questionnaires showed that perceived nonmonetary sacrifice fully mediated the relationship between a green promotion setting and the purchase intention toward the list price. Experiment 2 investigated the relationship between price discount levels and frames and a green or general promotion setting used by take‐out beverage shops. The results of the analysis of variance based on 900 valid questionnaires demonstrated that (i) the variation in consumer purchase intention in response to green consumerism promotion was lower than that in response to general promotion; (ii) the price discount threshold used in green consumerism promotion was 20%, which was higher than that in a general promotion setting; and (iii) consumers preferred a percentage discount offered during green consumerism promotion; however, they preferred a discount with a specific dollar amount in a general promotion setting. These results provide suggestions for improving green marketing and green consumerism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长期合作学习小组中的集体智慧及其影响因素研究

合作学习是应对信息时代学习困境的有效途径。研究一探索了合作学习群体中是否存在集体智慧,研究二比较了互动小组和名义小组在创新观点产生任务中的表现,研究三考察了合作学习小组在群体决策中的表现及其成员的观点和主观自信的影响。研究表明：在长期合作学习小组的多重任务表现中存在代表群体整体一般能力的C因素,即存在集体智慧;在创新观点的产生中,社会影响不利于集体智慧发挥作用;在困难问题解决的判断与决策中,集体智慧发挥的作用更明显,较不会受到个别成员的主观自信、实力和多数人意见左右。建议在合作学习等群体活动中通过策略选择和规则设置促进集体智慧发挥作用。     

现代舞训练与弦乐训练对脑灰质体积的差异影响

目前舞蹈与音乐两种训练对脑灰质结构影响的差异尚不明确。本研究利用基于体素的形态学分析方法(voxel-based morphometry, VBM), 比较现代舞训练被试、弦乐训练被试与对照组被试的脑结构磁共振数据。结果表明现代舞训练组在涉及感觉运动控制的皮层、皮层下结构及小脑多个区域出现灰质体积的显著增加与减少; 弦乐训练组则在与音乐训练直接相关的听-动-读皮层出现灰质体积的显著增加。这一发现提示现代舞训练可能系统性地影响广泛脑区的灰质结构, 弦乐训练可能局部地改变了具体功能脑区的灰质结构, 两种训练对脑灰质结构的影响模式存在差异。