排序方式: 共有59条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Aya S 《Perception》2012,41(4):447-459
Whether or not a stare in the midst of many faces can guide visual attention is a controversial issue. Two experiments are reported that investigate the hypothesis that visual attention is guided toward a frontal face in the search for a stare among faces with varied head angles. The participants were required to search for a face with a direct gaze in a context where the target could be at any of various head angles and the target's head angle was unpredictable in one trial. The search performance was better for a frontal-face target than for deviated-face targets. Furthermore, eye-movement analyses revealed that a frontal-face stimulus tended to be initially fixated prior to deviated-face stimuli, and many of the initially fixated frontal-face stimuli had an averted gaze. The findings suggest that a frontal face guides overt attention independently of its gaze direction in the search for a stare in a crowd. The validity of prioritising a frontal face in order to find a direct gaze among faces and the characteristics of a human-face detection system are discussed. 相似文献
33.
The contemporary development of psychometric theories and information technologies enables students to work on algorithm-based personalized tests in classroom settings. This study aims to investigate the relationship between students' achievement goals and what they prefer as “personalized problems” in computer-adaptive tests. We theoretically contrast achievement goals with developing competency through mastery and demonstrating competency through performance goals. We asked elementary and secondary school students to work on a computer-adaptive test and to complete questionnaires about what they prefer as “personalized problems” in computer-adaptive tests. The results revealed that while mastery goals positively predicted preference for challenging problems, performance goals positively predicted preference for problems that guaranteed students’ success. Moreover, only the preference for challenging problems positively predicted the intention to take computer-adaptive tests in the future. These results suggest that simply introducing a computer-adaptive test into the classroom may not be effective. We discuss how educational technologies should be integrated into human teaching activities. 相似文献
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Allison Jessee Sarah C. Mangelsdorf Geoffrey L. Brown Sarah J. Schoppe-Sullivan Aya Shigeto Maria S. Wong 《Infant behavior & development》2010,33(4):442-452
The current investigation examined the differential susceptibility of parents to the effects of marital quality on changes in parenting. We predicted that parents who were high on the personality constructs Negative Affect and Constraint would be more susceptible to the effects of marital quality on their level of sensitivity. Sensitivity was assessed at 3.5 and 13 months for both mothers and fathers during a triadic interaction. Consistent with the differential susceptibility theory, results suggested that when mothers were high on Negative Affect and when fathers were high on Constraint, their marital quality was associated with changes in sensitivity. This investigation suggests that personality factors may create “vulnerabilities” in parents that make them differentially susceptible to the effects of the family environment on parenting. 相似文献
35.
The American Journal of Psychoanalysis - This article attempts to add another layer to our understanding of the phenomenon of hysterical duality. The author postulates that hysterical duality can... 相似文献
36.
Takayuki Goto Kenshiro Ichimura Ryunosuke Oka Yuta Kawamura Takashi Kusumi 《The Japanese psychological research》2019,61(2):83-93
Applying the stereotype‐content model, which categorizes stereotypes into two dimensions (warmth and competence), we investigated whether gender‐stereotype‐related concepts activate other concepts on the same dimension and concepts on the other dimension. To test this, we conducted two experiments, both based on the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm. In Experiment 1, we conceptually replicated the results of previous research, which revealed that when trait‐related words are presented to participants, gender‐stereotype‐related concepts induce the later false recognition of stereotypically consistent non‐presented words. Then, in Experiment 2, we revealed that exposure to gender‐stereotype‐related concepts induces the false recognition of non‐presented words relevant to stereotypical concepts on the same dimension, but not those on the other dimension. We conclude by discussing the underlying process of ambivalent stereotype activations, referring to implicit processes and system justification. 相似文献
37.
Twelve pigeons (Columba livia) were trained on a go/no-go schedule to discriminate between two kinds of movement patterns of dots, which to human observers
appear to be "intentional" and "non-intentional" movements. In experiment 1, the intentional motion stimulus contained one
dot (a "wolf") that moved systematically towards another dot as though stalking it, and three distractors ("sheep"). The non-intentional
motion stimulus consisted of four distractors but no stalker. Birds showed some improvement of discrimination as the sessions
progressed, but high levels of discrimination were not reached. In experiment 2, the same birds were tested with different
stimuli. The same parameters were used but the number of intentionally moving dots in the intentional motion stimulus was
altered, so that three wolves stalked one sheep. Despite the enhanced difference of movement patterns, the birds did not show
any further improvement in discrimination. However, birds for which the non-intentional stimulus was associated with reward
showed a decline in discrimination. These results indicated that pigeons can discriminate between stimuli that do and do not
contain an element that human observer see as moving intentionally. However, as no feature-positive effect was found in experiment 1,
it is assumed that pigeons did not perceive or discriminate these stimuli on the basis that the intentional stimuli contained
a feature that the non-intentional stimuli lacked, though the convergence seen in experiment 2 may have been an effective
feature for the pigeons. Pigeons seem to be able to recognise some form of multiple simultaneously goal-directed motions,
compared to random motions, as a distinctive feature, but do not seem to use simple "intentional" motion paths of two geometrical
figures, embedded in random motions, as a feature whose presence or absence differentiates motion displays.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
38.
Matthew J. Hornsey Samuel Pearson Jemima Kang Kai Sassenberg Jolanda Jetten Paul A. M. Van Lange Lucia G. Medina Catherine E. Amiot Liisi Ausmees Peter Baguma Oumar Barry Maja Becker Michal Bilewicz Thomas Castelain Giulio Costantini Girts Dimdins Agustín Espinosa Gillian Finchilescu Malte Friese Roberto González Nobuhiko Goto Ángel Gómez Peter Halama Ruby Ilustrisimo Gabriela M. Jiga-Boy Johannes Karl Peter Kuppens Steve Loughnan Marijana Markovikj Khairul A. Mastor Neil McLatchie Lindsay M. Novak Blessing N. Onyekachi Müjde Peker Muhammad Rizwan Mark Schaller Eunkook M. Suh Sanaz Talaifar Eddie M. W. Tong Ana Torres Rhiannon N. Turner Christin-Melanie Vauclair Alexander Vinogradov Zhechen Wang Victoria Wai Lan Yeung Brock Bastian 《European journal of social psychology》2023,53(1):78-89
While a great deal is known about the individual difference factors associated with conspiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country-level factors that shape people's willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possibility that willingness to believe conspiracy theories might be shaped by the perception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis. 相似文献
39.
Hiromasa Goto 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2016,96(11):409-415
Electrochemical polymerization of thiophene-based achiral monomer having azobenzene as a chromophore irradiated by circular polarized light (CPL) was carried out to obtain chiroptically active polymer film on indium-tin oxide-coated glass. Circular dichroism and optical absorption spectroscopy measurements indicate the samples show chiroptical activity. This result indicates occurrence of absolute asymmetric polymerization by laser CPL. 相似文献
40.
The authors examined the impact of perceived racial discrimination on various mental health outcomes for Asian American and Latino college students within an emic and etic framework. Results indicate that Asian American and Latino college students experienced similar exposure and reactions to various kinds of discrimination. However, Latino students were more likely than Asian American students to have been accused of doing something wrong, such as cheating and breaking the law, and more likely to appraise these experiences as stressful. Asian Americans evidenced higher risk for trait anxiety. Regardless of ethnicity, perceived racial discrimination was associated with several negative mental health outcomes, including higher psychological distress, suicidal ideation, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression. Findings highlight the need to address discrimination across multiple social and professional settings and to understand the broad array of mental health outcomes. 相似文献