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951.
This two-wave longitudinal study examines the ability of life satisfaction and adjustment strategies to predict anxious and
depressive symptoms in coronary heart disease male patients. Studies have shown that most heart attack survivors report these
symptoms, which may worsen the prognosis of the disease. At Time 1, immediately after the first cardiac episode, eighty-eight
men reported their life satisfaction levels, adjustment strategies used, and anxious and depressive symptoms experienced.
At Time 2, six months later, sixty-three of those patients reported only their anxious and depressive symptoms again. The
results showed that, after controlling for demographic variables, anxious and depressive symptoms at Time 1 were predicted
by positive adjustment and life satisfaction. At Time 2, after controlling for both demographic variables and Time 1-emotional
symptoms, none of the psychological variables predicted anxious symptoms, while depressive symptoms were only predicted by
life satisfaction. It is concluded that an adequate level of life satisfaction may help to decrease emotional distress, both
short and long term, while the use of positive adjustment strategies is especially important immediately after diagnosis. 相似文献
952.
Natalio Extremera Jose Martín Salguero Pablo Fernández-Berrocal 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(3):509-517
The primary aim of the current study was to replicate and extend previous findings by examining the relationship between trait
meta-mood and levels of subjective happiness in a 7-week follow-up study. Participants were 192 undergraduate students (155
females) who completed self-report measures of trait meta-mood and subjective happiness. After 7 weeks, 155 students completed
the subjective happiness scale again. Focusing first on cross-sectional analysis, meta-mood dimensions were found to be moderately
related to levels of subjective happiness. Next, along with initial levels of subjective happiness, we found that meta-mood
dimensions independently predicted prospective levels of subjective happiness over a 7-week follow-up. These findings provide
some preliminary evidence on the prospective value of meta-mood dimensions as relevant individual differences involved in
the maintenance of emotional well-being indicators. 相似文献
953.
954.
Two studies examined how individuals' perceptions of self and others are associated with different emotional traits. Study 1 (N = 386) used structural equation modeling of questionnaire data to examine the relations between emotional traits (i.e., affect intensity, affect variability, and trait pleasant and unpleasant affect) and self- and other-perceptions (i.e., self-instability, self-esteem, other-instability, and perceived treatment by others). Study 2 (N = 99) used path analyses of data collected using an event sampling method in which online measures of emotional experiences (i.e., intensity, frequency, and variability of pleasant and unpleasant affect) as well as perceptions of self and others (i.e., self-instability, self-esteem, other-instability, perceived treatment by others) were collected. The strongest and most consistent finding was that affect variability was associated with both self- and other-instability. The results linking affect intensity with self- and other-instability were limited to negative intensity. There was also evidence of pleasant affect being associated with both self-esteem and perceived treatment by others, and unpleasant affect being associated with self-esteem and other-instability. 相似文献
955.
Vidal-Abarca E Martinez T Salmerón L Cerdán R Gilabert R Gil L Mañá A Llorens AC Ferris R 《Behavior research methods》2011,43(1):179-192
We present an application to study task-oriented reading processes called Read&Answer. The application mimics paper-and-pencil
situations in which a reader interacts with one or more documents to perform a specific task, such as answering questions,
writing an essay, or similar activities. Read&Answer presents documents and questions with a mask. The reader unmasks documents
and questions so that only a piece of information is available at a time. This way the entire interaction between the reader
and the documents on the task is recorded and can be analyzed. We describe Read&Answer and present its applications for research
and assessment. Finally, we explain two studies that compare readers’ performance on Read&Answer with students’ reading times
and comprehension levels on a paper-and-pencil task, and on a computer task recorded with eye-tracking. The use of Read&Answer
produced similar comprehension scores, although it changed the pattern of reading times. 相似文献
956.
957.
Easterners tend to process information more holistically than Westerners. Kim and Markman (J Exp Soc Psychol 42(3):350–364,
2006) suggest that these differences are rooted in higher chronic levels of Fear of Isolation (FOI) for those cultures that process
information more holistically. The goal of this study was to determine if these differences and their suggested cause could
be found with two different Western cultures. Testing Italian (IT) and US American (US) adults, we found that IT participants
processed information more holistically and had a higher chronic level of FOI than US participants; furthermore, the manipulation
of FOI affected context sensitivity more for IT than for US participants. The results demonstrate that IT participants were
more similar to previous research with Eastern populations than with Western populations (Kim and Markman in J Exp Soc Psychol
42(3):350–364, 2006) and indicate a within-Western culture difference for reasoning styles and support the hypothesis that this difference is
due to different chronic levels of FOI. 相似文献
958.
Recently, several authors claimed that the curvilinear shape of rating-based source memory receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) refutes threshold models. However, rating-based ROCs are not diagnostic to disprove threshold models. Furthermore, source memory ROC-analyses ignore influences of other processes like old-new-detection and old-new-response-tendencies, so direct estimation of parameters is preferable. Five source monitoring experiments with different response bias manipulations and materials were conducted. We fitted the Two High Threshold Multinomial Model of Source Monitoring by Bayen, Murnane, and Erdfelder (1996) and the Multivariate Signal Detection Model for Selection DeCarlo (2003). We also included rating-based ROCs. The results suggest that both models are at least equally valid as measurement tools which capture bias processes in the corresponding parameters, and they can perhaps be integrated theoretically. 相似文献
959.
Sauzéon H Arvind Pala P Larrue F Wallet G Déjos M Zheng X Guitton P N'Kaoua B 《Experimental psychology》2011,59(2):99-108
Episodic memory was assessed using Virtual Reality (VR). Forty-four (44) subjects visualized a target virtual apartment containing specific objects in each room. Then they visualized a second virtual apartment comprised of specific objects and objects shared by the two apartments. Subjects navigated in the virtual apartments in one of the following two conditions: active and passive. Four main episodic memory components were scored from the VR exposures: (1) learning effect; (2) active forgetting effect; (3) strategies at encoding and at retrieval; and (4) false recognitions (FRs). The effect of navigation mode (active vs. passive) on each memory component was examined. Active subjects had better learning and retrieval (recognition hits) performances compared to passive subjects. A beneficial effect of active navigation was also observed on the source-based FR rates. Active subjects made fewer source-based FRs compared to passive subjects. These overall results for the effect of active navigation are discussed in terms of the distinction between item-specific and relational processing. 相似文献
960.
Greifeneder R Müller P Stahlberg D Van den Bos K Bless H 《Experimental psychology》2011,58(5):341-352
Procedural justice concerns play a critical role in economic settings, politics, and other domains of human life. Despite the vast evidence corroborating their relevance, considerably less is known about how procedural justice judgments are formed. Whereas earlier theorizing focused on the systematic integration of content information, the present contribution provides a new perspective on the formation of justice judgments by examining the influence of accessibility experiences. Specifically, we hypothesize that procedural justice judgments may be formed based on the ease or difficulty with which justice-relevant information comes to mind. Three experiments corroborate this prediction in that procedures were evaluated less positively when the retrieval of associated unfair aspects was easy compared to difficult. Presumably this is because when it feels easy (difficult) to retrieve unfair aspects, these are perceived as frequent (infrequent), and hence the procedure as unjust (just). In addition to demonstrating that ease-of-retrieval may influence justice judgments, the studies further revealed that reliance on accessibility experiences is high in conditions of personal certainty. We suggest that this is because personal uncertainty fosters systematic processing of content information, whereas personal certainty may invite less taxing judgmental strategies such as reliance on ease-of-retrieval. 相似文献