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51.
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The aim of this study was to explore associations between mental and cancer-specific distress (psychological distress) and
personality traits in healthy women belonging to families with familial cancer and absence of demonstrated mutations. We included
238 healthy women from families with familial breast-ovarian cancer (FBOC) or hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).
They responded to a questionnaire including validated instruments for psychological distress and personality traits. Information
on demography and cancer-related issues were also collected. Significant associations between psychological distress and personality
traits were found in these women. The traits of Optimism and Harm avoidance showed the strongest association with both types
of distress. Associations between psychological distress and personality traits were observed in women from families with
FBOC or HNPCC that fulfilled clinical criteria for familial breast/ovarian cancer in the absence of demonstrated mutations.
Screening for such traits could be helpful in genetic counseling. 相似文献
53.
McMakin DL Burkhouse KL Olino TM Siegle GJ Dahl RE Silk JS 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(8):1213-1225
This study aimed to characterize affective functioning in families of youth at high familial risk for depression, with particular
attention to features of affective functioning that appear to be critical to adaptive functioning but have been underrepresented
in prior research including: positive and negative affect across multiple contexts, individual and transactional processes, and affective flexibility. Interactions among early adolescents (ages 9–14) and their mothers were
coded for affective behaviors across both positive and negative contexts. Primary analyses compared never-depressed youth
at high (n = 44) and low (n = 57) familial risk for depression. The high risk group showed a relatively consistent pattern for low positive affect across
negative and positive contexts at both the individual and transactional level. In contrast to prior studies focusing on negative
contexts that did not support disruptions in negative affect among high risk youth, the data from this study suggest variability
by context (i.e. increased negativity in a positive, but not negative, context), and individual vs. transactional processes (e.g., negative escalation). Findings are discussed in concert
with attention to affect flexibility, contextual and transactional factors. 相似文献
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This case study evaluates the clinical effectiveness of a psychological treatment within a behaviour medicine approach to epilepsy of a subject with progressive myoclonic epilepsy. The pattern of seizure behaviour was identified in the behaviour analysis. Self-management skills were taught to the client and in vivo exposure was subsequently used in a desensitization process. The main findings in this study were that the debilitating effects of the myclonic jerks can be reduced and functioning level improved when fear of seizures is reduced. These results indicate that psychological treatment can increase the level of functioning in clients with progressive myoclonic epilepsy. 相似文献
57.
Dezecache Guillaume Zuberbühler Klaus Davila-Ross Marina Dahl Christoph D. 《Animal cognition》2021,24(3):443-455
Animal Cognition - Distress calls are an acoustically variable group of vocalizations ubiquitous in mammals and other animals. Their presumed function is to recruit help, but there has been much... 相似文献
58.
The current study extends previous works on group identification by focusing on how social identity complexity and entitativity interact to impact group identification. The purpose of the current study is to test the hypothesis that people with a simple social identity identify more strongly with a highly entitative group and people with complex social identity identify more strongly with a group low in entitativity. Participants’ social identity complexity and entitativity about a group were manipulated, and with that group was measured. Results demonstrated that participants primed with a simple social identity identified more strongly with a more highly entitative group, whereas identification with the high and low entitativity groups did not differ for participants primed with a complex social identity. 相似文献
59.
Skinner described behavior analysis as the field of values and purpose. However, he defined these concepts in terms of a history of reinforcement and failed to specify whether and how human and nonhuman values might differ. Human values have been seen as theoretically central within a number of nonbehavioral traditions in psychology, including humanism and positive psychology. However, these approaches have failed to provide explanations of the behavior-environment relations involved in valuing that might allow prediction and influence with respect to this phenomenon. Modern clinical behavior analysis in the form of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), however, succeeds in providing a functional definition of human values that meets this latter criterion. ACT is rooted in behavior analysis and relational frame theory (RFT) and defines values in terms of verbally established motivation. ACT empirical research into values has begun to blossom in recent years, and ACT-RFT researchers are currently investigating the concept at the most basic empirical level as well as in the applied clinical arena, heralding new interest in and insight into values within clinical behavioral psychology. 相似文献
60.
Journal of Philosophical Logic - This paper is concerned with removing the identity schema from the axiomatic basis of deontic conditionals. This is in order to allow a stipulated ideal to be... 相似文献