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191.
Abstract This article examines the relevance of relationally oriented psychoanalytic phenomenology as a frame of reference for understanding psychotic states in schizophrenia. The etiology and structural characteristics of such states are examined from both a neurophysiological, and a relational and interpersonal point of view. Many findings indicate organic abnormalities in schizophrenia, acquired through an exposure to physical risk factors and genetic predisposition, but relational traumas also seem to have an impact on the form and content of psychotic states. This may happen through interruptions in the “use-dependent” maturation of the brain in a relational milieu. In addition, at the level of meaning-making, we find that the emotional and relational contexts—both past and present—give the substance or “raw material” for hallucinations and delusions. In a psychotic state, the person also tries to handle basic affects and relational needs, and to make meaning in states of overwhelming chaos and anxiety. Donald W. Winnicott's theory of “a holding environment”, Stephen Mitchell's theory of the relational matrix, and Stolorow, Atwood, and Orange's concepts of a “shattered world” and annihilation anxiety are used as a framework in the analysis of the phenomenology of psychosis. Two case illustrations, one from child psychotherapy and one from therapy with an adult patient, are used to illuminate the theoretical points of view. 相似文献
192.
Professor Graham F. Wagstaff Jacqueline Wheatcroft Jon C. Cole Joana Brunas-Wagstaff Victoria Blackmore Andrew Pilkington 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2013,25(4):828-846
Tasks that, in the working memory and neuropsychological literature, have been related to executive and frontal processing, and nonexecutive and more posterior brain processing, bear distinct similarities with the kinds of tasks that, in the social psychological literature, have been associated with social inhibition and facilitation, respectively. Accordingly, a cognitive-neuropsychological model of social inhibition and facilitation is proposed whereby the presence of others engages the executive and frontal systems, and facilitates the function of systems active in more automatic, nonexecutive processing. In two experiments, the tasks most associated with executive and frontal processing (phonemic switches and answers to complex questions) showed evidence of social inhibition, whereas those more associated with nonexecutive and more posterior temporal processing (phonemic clusters and confidence–accuracy correlations), showed some evidence of social facilitation. Implications are discussed. 相似文献
193.
Assistant Professor June Ann Smith Ph.D. CSW NCC ACS 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(4):317-318
The purpose of this study was to modify a study by Hansen, Harway, and Cervantes (1991) that investigated whether clinicians recognized and responded to indicators of intimate partner violence. In the current study participants included 112 mental health clinicians who read a clinical vignette, then responded to several open-ended questions, while still blind to the purpose of the study. Participants then answered several objective questions about how they respond when treating cases of intimate partner violence. Logistic regressions were conducted for recognition of and response to partner violence to determine significant predictors. While the overall models were significant, few significant individual predictors emerged. The significant predictors included: education, mental health discipline, and theoretical orientation. 相似文献
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196.
Kristy R. R. Lascelles & Graham C. L. Davey Professor 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2013,66(3):482-492
This paper describes a study designed to investigate the efficacy of two traditional classical conditioning procedures in generating evaluative conditioning (EC) in the picture–picture paradigm in human participants. Differential EC was found using both simultaneous and trace conditioning procedures. In addition, the use of a block–subblock (BSB) nonpaired control condition and full counterbalancing of conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus (CS–UCS) pairings across participants indicated that the observed EC effects were the result of associative learning. Examination of whether successful conditioning could take place with or without conscious awareness of CS–UCS contingencies was inconclusive. The results provide evidence for EC as an associative process and also provide some insight into the possible conditioning parameters that might successfully generate EC. 相似文献
197.
Professor David E. Cooper 《当代佛教》2013,14(1):7-20
This article describes the history and practice of Thai Buddhism in America from the early 1970s, when the tradition first arrived, to the present. It is the first systematic historical overview of the tradition in the United States and is based largely on unique information gathered over an eighteen-month period in interviews with the Abbots of eighty-seven Thai Buddhist temples in America. After providing a brief history of Thai immigration, the paper presents and analyzes the history and current locations, leadership, attendership, and activities of Thai Buddhist temples in the United States. At the center of the paper is evidence of the multidimensional ways Thai Buddhism is adapting in the American context. 相似文献
198.
Dr Aiden Corvin MRCPsych Professor Michael Fitzgerald MD FRCPsych 《Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy》2013,27(2):143-151
SUMMARY The scientific status of psychoanalysis is a matter of importance to both theorists and clinicians in psychiatry. The empirical evidence for both the theory and the practice of psychodynamic practice is much greater than is generally recognised. There is strong evidence for the effectiveness of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytically oriented therapy. the future of psychoanalysis depends on this evidence. We will discuss both the evidence and reasons why it is overlooked in certain quarters, and review the developing neuro-cognitive understanding of the mechanisms that underlie psychoanalytical processes. 相似文献
199.
Assoc. Professor Imre Szecsödy 《Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy》2013,27(2):117-127
The City and Hackney Primary Care Psychotherapy Consultation Service is an innovative, public sector service designed to support GPs in meeting the needs of patients with complex psychological/physical health issues throughout the London Boroughs of Hackney and the City. This paper provides an account of how this new model for the National Health Service (NHS) developed in the context of psychotherapy provision within the NHS, within the national and local context in the UK and gives an overview of some the service's key features and how it differs from other services operating in primary and secondary care. A linked paper, in this journal, explores the reality within which the service functions and describes clinical outcomes, health economic data, the modifications to the original model and prospects for the future. 相似文献
200.
Professor Christopher F. Sharpley Angela M. Jeffrey Terene Mcmah 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2006,19(4):343-356
The effects of counsellors’ facial expressions upon the degree of rapport experienced by a Standardized Client (STC) was assessed via examination of 59 counselling interviews conducted by graduate students in counselling. Izard's (1971) Affex system of classifying facial expressions was used to operationalize the independent variable of facial expression, with STC ratings of rapport on a five-point scale each minute of the interviews constituting the dependent variable. Data indicated that there was significant more (in seconds/minute) counsellor facial expression of the categories “Interest-excitement” and “Enjoyment-joy” during minutes rated as high in rapport than in minutes rated as low in rapport, but that there was significantly less of the counsellor facial expression “Hypothesized Interest” in high rapport minutes. Implications for the development of effective training procedures for counsellors, plus the need to emphasize the building of emotional engagement between counsellor and client are discussed. 相似文献