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971.
Social exchange theory was used to explain sexual harassment interactions in terms of perceived or actual inequities in incurred costs or rewards between targets and perpetrators. A factorial experiment was conducted in which the effects of severity of harassment, target response, target gender, and rater gender on perceptions of harassment, perpetrator appropriateness and target appropriateness and suggested responses to harassment were examined. Ninety-four male and 116 female students from two eastern universities served as subjects. The sample was approximately 90% Caucasian and was composed of traditional (18–22-year-old) undergraduates. Results indicated that all independent variables affected perceptions of and responses to sexual harassment situations. 相似文献
972.
Thomas A. Martin 《Current Psychology》1992,11(3):236-240
A computerized block design task was developed which records temporal and nontemporal measures of performance. This study
evaluates the reliability of the measures and reports their intercorrelations. With one exception, the measures showed moderate
to good reliability. The results indicate that increasing the difficulty of the task and testing a more diverse sample may
be necessary for improved reliability. A nontemporal method of scoring a block-design task would be useful when testing persons
who have handicaps affecting motor skills, but no central nervous system deficits. 相似文献
973.
Thomas A. Martin 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1992,11(3):236-240
A computerized block design task was developed which records temporal and nontemporal measures of performance. This study
evaluates the reliability of the measures and reports their intercorrelations. With one exception, the measures showed moderate
to good reliability. The results indicate that increasing the difficulty of the task and testing a more diverse sample may
be necessary for improved reliability. A nontemporal method of scoring a block-design task would be useful when testing persons
who have handicaps affecting motor skills, but no central nervous system deficits. 相似文献
974.
Many students find it difficult to transform expository text and lectures into well-organized mental constructs. Studies show that learning of this type can be enhanced by the use of graphic organizers that depict relationships among concepts by diagramming them as a tree structure. In order to incorporate all concepts taught in a course into a single graphic organizer, a HyperCard authoring shell was developed to expedite drawing tree diagrams and linking each concept in the diagram to a definition. The authoring features of the stack and its application to an abnormal psychology course are discussed in this article. 相似文献
975.
Murray E. Jarvik Martin R. Rosenblatt Catherine L. Carpenter Nicholas H. Caskey Todd M. Gross William J. McCarthy 《Behavior research methods》1992,24(3):420-422
A method and an apparatus are described for measuring the point at which subjects elect to stop smoking when cigarette smoke is delivered more rapidly than in typical smoking. The device allows either the subject or the experimenter to control the volume of smoke and the interval between puffs. The device delivers reliable quantities of particulate matter from cigarette smoke. Subjects retested a week apart exhibited consistent stopping points. 相似文献
976.
977.
Martin Bunzl 《Synthese》1996,106(2):227-240
In this paper I argue that (at least many) philosophical thought experiments are unreliable. But I argue that this notion of unreliability has to be understood relative to the goal of thought experiments as knowledge producing. And relative to that goal many thought experiments in science are just as unreliable. But in fact thought experiments in science play a varied role and I will suggest that knowledge production is a goal only under quite limited circumstances. I defend the view that these circumstances can (sometimes) arise in philosophy as well. 相似文献
978.
In models of word retrieval, it is common to differentiate lexical-semantic (word meaning) and lexical-phonological (word form) levels. There has been considerable interest in the relationship between these two levels. The so-called discrete two-stage model claims that phonological activation follows selection at the lexical-semantic level and is limited only to the selected item. In contrast, nondiscrete (interactive and cascade) models assume that all activated lexical-semantic candidates are also phonologically activated to some extent. We addressed this issue by studying an anomic patient who suffered from a partial functional disconnection between lexical-semantic and lexical-phonological levels. A multitarget repeated naming task with phonological training was employed. Systematic manipulation of semantic and phonological relatedness between the to-be-named items indicated that our patient's word error patterns were sensitive to both types of lexical relatedness. A delayed repetition task employing the same items failed to show similar effects, suggesting that they were specific to naming. The discrete two-stage model is unable to explain the observed effects of semantic and phonological relatedness. However, they are consistent with assumptions of nondiscrete models of lexical retrieval. In addition to the theoretical implications of this study, the observed effects of lexical context on word retrieval have implications for treatment of anomia. 相似文献
979.
The traditional male gender role has been associated with a host of psychological and physical problems. In this study, 118 male university students viewed one of two videotaped interventions based on R. E. Petty and J. T. Cacioppo's [(1986) Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change, New York: Springer-Verlag) elaboration likelihood model of attitude change (ELM) or were in a control group. One intervention was designed to create less traditional male gender-role attitudes, the other to enhance participants' attitudes toward seeking psychological help. Both interventions significantly changed male gender-role attitudes on Brannon Masculinity Scale scores, but not their Gender Role Conflict Scale—I scores, and neither influenced help-seeking attitudes. The overall pattern of scores suggests that men's attitudes about the male role may be less resistant to change than attitudes about one's own gender role or one's fear of femininity. 相似文献
980.
Self-directed demeaning ethnic humor is hypothesized to represent either a means of self-deprecation or a stance of disidentifying
with one’s own group of origin. Compendia of published Yiddish humor were examined to empirically test competing conceptualizations
of Jewish wit. Results are analyzed in the context of the social milieu of the publication samples. 相似文献