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141.
Mental fatigue influence on effort-related cardiovascular response: difficulty effects and extension across cognitive performance domains 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rex A. Wright Tonia R. Junious Christin Neal Ashley Avello Candace Graham Laura Herrmann Sonia Junious Natasha Walton 《Motivation and emotion》2007,31(3):219-231
Two experiments investigated cardiovascular effects of mental fatigue as a function of (1) the difficulty of the cognitive
challenge with which participants were confronted, and (2) the relevance of that challenge to the activity that instigated
the fatigue. In the first, participants performed an easy (fatigue low) or difficult (fatigue high) counting task and then
were presented an arithmetic challenge (task B relevance high) or a scanning challenge (task B relevance low) with instructions
that they would avoid a noise if they attained a modest performance standard. Analysis of blood pressure responses assessed
during the work periods revealed fatigue main effects, reflecting stronger responses for High Fatigue participants, regardless
of the character of the second task. In the second, the procedure was the same except that it included a high performance
standard and provided the chance to win a prize. Analysis of the pressure data revealed fatigue x work period interactions,
reflecting relatively stronger responses among High Fatigue participants in work period 1, but relatively weaker responses
among these participants in work period 2. Results confirm previous findings and support an analysis of fatigue influence
on effort and associated cardiovascular responses. They also argue against the idea that mental fatigue influence may be confined
to relevant cognitive performance realms.
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Rex A. WrightEmail: |
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Marian M. Morry Ashley Hall Simmi Mann Mie Kito 《The Journal of social psychology》2014,154(5):401-422
A four-wave longitudinal study examined how relational-interdependent self-construal (RISC) or the tendency to think of one’s self in terms of close relationships, was related to cognitions and behaviors within friendships. In same-sex friendships, in both concurrent and prospective analyses, own RISC was associated with perceived friend’s RISC, own relationship supportive behaviors, and own relationship quality. Perceived friend’s RISC predicted perceived friend’s relationship supportive behaviors. Own behaviors predicted fulfillment of own friendship functions, which predicted own relationship quality. In prospective analyses, behaviors mediated the RISC-friendship function relation, and behaviors and friendship functions both mediated the RISC-relationship quality relation. However, the influence of perceived friend’s RISC on subsequent variables was through its association with perceived friend’s behavior, which was associated with own friendship functions concurrently. 相似文献
145.
Jennifer Brundidge Scott A. Reid Sujin Choi Ashley Muddiman 《Political psychology》2014,35(6):741-755
This study examined the association between political ideology and linguistic indicators of integrative complexity and opinion leadership in U.S. political blog posts (N = 519). Using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) text analysis, we found that the posts of conservative bloggers were more integratively simple than those of liberal bloggers. Furthermore, in support of a proposed opinion leadership model of integrative complexity, the relationship between ideology and integrative complexity was mediated by psychological distancing (an indicator of a hierarchical communication style). These findings demonstrate an ideological divide in the extent to which the blogosphere reflects deliberative democratic ideals. 相似文献
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Offending Patterns of Serial Sex Offenders: Escalation,De‐escalation,and Consistency of Sexually Intrusive and Violent Behaviours 下载免费PDF全文
Ashley Hewitt Eric Beauregard 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2014,11(1):57-80
A series of stranger sexual assaults poses considerable obstacles for law enforcement officials. One such preoccupation is concerned with whether or not the offender will escalate in the severity of his behaviours with subsequent victims. The current study uses transition matrices to address whether or not the offending patterns of 72 serial stranger sex offenders change from one victim to the next as it pertains to their sexual acts and level of physical force used during the crime. Findings indicate that stability, specifically the offender's intrusive sexual acts and use of physical force, and versatility are present in this sample's offending patterns. To explain changes in offending patterns between victims, multinomial regression analyses indicate that situational factors and modus operandi strategies are important considerations. Implications for investigations are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
148.
Ashley Kuhl Catherine Reiser Jens Eickhoff Elizabeth M. Petty 《Journal of genetic counseling》2014,23(5):824-837
The cost of education is rising, increasing student financial aid and debt for students pursuing higher education. A few studies have assessed the impact of student debt in medicine, physical therapy and social work, but little is known about the impact of student debt on genetic counseling students and graduates. To address this gap in knowledge, a web-based study of 408 recent alumni of genetic counseling programs in North America was conducted to assess the impact of student debt on program, career and life choices. Over half (63 %; n?=?256/408) of the participants reported that loans were extremely important in their ability to attend their training program, with most using subsidized loans no longer available to current graduate students. While participants were generally satisfied with their genetic counseling education, 83 % (n?=?282/342) of participants with student debt reported feeling burdened by their debt, which had a median of $40,000–$50,000. This debt is relatively close to the median starting salary reported by survey participants ($45,000–$50,000), breaching the “20-10 rule” that states student debt should not exceed 20 % of annual net income. In response to this critical issue, we propose recommendations for the genetic counseling field that may help alleviate student debt impact and burden. 相似文献
149.
Joanne Armstrong Michele Toscano Nancy Kotchko Sue Friedman Marc D. Schwartz Katherine S. Virgo Kristian Lynch James E. Andrews Claudia X. Aguado Loi Joseph E. Bauer Carolina Casares Rachel Threet Teten Matthew R. Kondoff Ashley D. Molina Mehrnaz Abdollahian Lana Brand Gregory S. Walker Rebecca Sutphen 《Journal of genetic counseling》2015,24(1):18-28
150.
Against the background of an unchanging sequence of representational development, we demonstrate that implicit processes of learning and cognition can change from one historical period to another. One generation of Zinacantec Maya children was studied in 1969 and 1970, the next generation in 1991 and 1993. In the intervening two decades, the community, located in Chiapas, Mexico, was involved in a transition from an economy based primarily on subsistence and agriculture to an economy based primarily on money and commerce. A naturalistic study of weaving apprenticeship and an experimental study of visual representation showed that the ecological transition was linked to greater emphasis on independent cultural learning, abstract representation, and innovation, and, correlatively, a movement away from scaffolded guidance, detail-oriented representation, and imitative representational strategies. These changes constituted automatic adaptations with an implicit nature. In addition, historical variability in implicit modes of cultural apprenticeship predicted shifts in implicit processes of child and adolescent cognition. In sum, socialization and development are not fixed but adapt, in a coordinated way, to changing ecological conditions. 相似文献