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11.
In tool use, the intended external goals have to be transformed into bodily movements by taking into account the target-to-movement
mapping implemented by the tool. In bimanual tool use, this mapping may depend on the part of the tool that is operated and
the effector used (e.g. the left and right hand at the handle bar moving in opposite directions in order to generate the same
bicycle movement). In our study, we investigated whether participants represent the behaviour of the tool or only the effector-specific
mapping when using two-handed tools. In three experiments, participants touched target locations with a two-jointed lever,
using either the left or the right hand. In one condition, the joint of the lever was constant and switching between hands
was associated with switching the target-to-movement-mapping, whereas in another condition, switching between hands was associated
with switching the joint, but the target-to-movement-mapping remained constant. Results indicate pronounced costs of switching
hands in the condition with constant joint, whereas they were smaller with constant target-to-movement mapping. These results
suggest that participants have tool-independent representations of the effector-specific mappings.
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Arvid HerwigEmail: |
12.
The aim was to determine whether the relationship between personality traits and Subjective Well-Being (SWB) differs when
the affective component of SWB is measured in terms of frequency or intensity. Extraversion and Neuroticism were expected
to show significant but different associations to SWB depending on the dimension of the affective component. Swedish undergraduate
students (N = 153) self-reported personality, life satisfaction (LS), and affect measured in both frequency (i.e., how often they feel
certain affects) and intensity (i.e., how strongly they feel certain affects). Two types of SWB-scores were constructed by
merging LS with affect measured in either frequency or intensity. While Extraversion had a similar effect on both types of
SWB, Neuroticism had a significantly stronger effect on SWB when the affective component was measured in frequency. More importantly,
the effect of Neuroticism, compared to Extraversion, was stronger on SWB regardless of the dimension of the affective component.
These findings suggest that future research should clearly distinguish between intensity and frequency when measuring the
affective component of SWB. The distinction is important, not only due to the distinctiveness of the affective dimensions
per se, but also due to different association patterns between personality traits and both dimensions. 相似文献
13.
Herwig A Prinz W Waszak F 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2007,60(11):1540-1554
Human actions may be driven endogenously (to produce desired environmental effects) or exogenously (to accommodate to environmental demands). There is a large body of evidence indicating that these two kinds of action are controlled by different neural substrates. However, only little is known about what happens—in functional terms—on these different “routes to action”. Ideomotor approaches claim that actions are selected with respect to their perceptual consequences. We report experiments that support the validity of the ideomotor principle and that, at the same time, show that it is subject to a far-reaching constraint: It holds for endogenously driven actions only! Our results suggest that the activity of the two “routes to action” is based on different types of learning: The activity of the system guiding stimulus-based actions is accompanied by stimulus-response (sensorimotor) learning, whereas the activity of the system controlling intention-based actions results in action-effect (ideomotor) learning. 相似文献
14.
Social Psychology of Education - This longitudinal, quantitative survey examined factors predicting 1077 Norwegian adolescents` emotional problems during Upper Secondary School (grades I–III,... 相似文献
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Kappas A 《Cognition & emotion》2011,25(5):785-8; discussion 789-93
17.
Philosophia - I here respond to Pietro Salis’s objections against my original critique of the Prosentential Theory of Truth (PT). In addition, I clarify some points regarding the relationship... 相似文献
18.
Å s , A., O'H ara , J. W. & M unger , M. P. The measurement of subjective experiences presumably related to hypnotic susceptibility. Scand. J. Psychol ., 1962, 3 , 47–64.—An instrument to register a variety of subjective experiences presumably related to hypnotizability was constructed on the basis of certain theoretical notions of hypnosis. A comparison of the responses of 471 college students with the findings of another investigator shows a high degree of response consistency. Some sex differences are discussed. A cluster analysis and a factor analysis of a representative selection of Experience Inventory items and item groups indicate that existing theoretical notions of hypnosis have much in common and may be reduced to a set of very few variables. 相似文献
19.
Journal of Academic Ethics - Nearly all students believe academic cheating is wrong, yet few students say they would report witnessed acts of cheating. To explain this apparent tension, the present... 相似文献
20.
Danilo Garcia Patricia Rosenberg Arvid Erlandsson Anver Siddiqui 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2010,11(4):477-495
The present study investigated the relation between reaction to negative stimuli and memory for stimuli. The relation was
further investigated using as a framework individuals’ affective temperaments (AFTs). Eighty adolescents participated in the
study. The AFTs are based on selfreported affect and categorizes individuals in four temperaments: self-actualizing, high
affective, low affective and self-destructive. Reaction to negative stimuli was measured by interpretation of specific words
in a short story. Two days later, participants were presented with a list of words and asked which of them were present in
the short story. Individuals’ AFTs were expected to predict the promotion of pleasure or the prevention of displeasure. On
a general level, reaction to negative stimuli predicted memory for negative, positive and neutral words. At an individual
level, self-actualizers and high affectives’ negative reaction predicted the memory of positive words (i.e., promotion). In
contrast, low affectives’ negative and positive reaction predicted the memory of neutral words (i.e., prevention). 相似文献