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911.
Arthur S. Reber 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1973,13(1):133-138
There are currently two theoretical interpretations of the pattern of errors that Ss make in attempting to locate the position of a click in a message. One is based upon lexical sequences in the message (the linguistic hypothesis), and the other is based upon attenti6nal priorities, memory factors, and response biases (the attentional hypothesis). This experiment was designed to differentiate between them. By orthogonally varying the temporal location of the major syntactic break and the position of the click, it was possible to control for effects of serial position and memory. In addition, a subliminal control group was run to evalute Ss’ response biases. Little evidence was found to support the linguistic hypothesis; considerable support was found for at least a qualitative version of the attentional hypothesis. 相似文献
912.
Arthur I. Schulman 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1971,9(6):496-498
The deletion of a 1,000-Hz tone from a tone-plus-noise background is much harder for humans to detect than the insertion of the same tone into a background of noise. A mathematically ideal O, oblivious to the context in which an observation interval occurs, performs equally well under conditions of insertion and deletion. Human listeners, not oblivious to context, produced the function ds = 0.036 E/No under deletion; the slope of this linear function is no more than half that of the typical slope of the comparable insertion function. The underlying reasons for the superiority of detection of insertion to that of deletion remain unclear. 相似文献
913.
Three parameters of tactile resolution (area, force, and pressure of stimulation) were investigated in three experiments. A two-point discrimination task was presented by means of an electromechanical stimulator permitting precise control of all relevant stimulus variables. The results indicated a positive linear effect of area, a curvilinear effect of force, and no effect of pressure on the threshold for resolution of two tactile stimuli. The findings are in agreement with data on the influence of the same parameters in visual resolution. 相似文献
914.
915.
Purkinje shift and scotopic and photopic spectral sensitivity functions were determined for four Sooty mangabeys and five human controls using a flicker technique in a four-choice discrete trials task. Results-indicate a Purkinje shift similar in magnitude and frequency locus to that of human controls. Scotopic spectral sensitivity was almost identical to that of human controls, although both species showed reduced sensitivity relative to the standard CIE function, -at short wavelengths. Photopic spectral sensitivity disclosed enhanced sensitivity in the blue and reduced sensitivity (0.3–0.4 log units) in the red relative to human controls. 相似文献
916.
If the associative connections in a serial list are acquired in an all-or-none fashion, rather than gradually with every trial adding an increment of associative strength, then changing the serial order of the middle items in the list during the course of practice should have no effect on the rate of learning the list as a whole or even of the particular items that have been interchanged. Thirty subjects learned a serial list by the anticipation method. The middle items of the list were reversed in serial order approximately half-way through the number of trials required for mastery. The subjects took no longer to learn the list and made no more errors than did 30 control subjects for whom there was no change in serial order. The serial-position curves of the two groups were almost identical. It was also shown that the learning “curves” of single items in the series, when plotted for individual subjects do not reveal a gradually increasing probability of the correct response, but show instead a sudden jump on one trial from the chance guessing level to a level close to 100 per cent, correct responses. The results are consistent with a non-incremental theory of serial learning. 相似文献
918.
919.
Philosophical Studies - 相似文献
920.
Arthur Summerfield Hannah Steinberg 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1957,9(3):146-154
According to interference theories forgetting results from the intervention of extraneous associations which disturb the patterns built up during learning. It also seems that the period immediately following learning is critical for forgetting. The experiment which is described was carried out to investigate whether administration of the central-depressant drug nitrous oxide immediately after learning would reduce forgetting, since it had been shown to impair the formation of associations and ought therefore to reduce interference. This expectation was borne out, significantly less forgetting occurring when nitrous oxide was given than when air was given. A possible physiological basis, relating these results to those for sleep is discussed. 相似文献