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911.
Une comparaison interculturelle portant sur le phénomène de consistance cognitive a été effectuée en appliquant à quarante-cinq sujets américains et quarante-cinq sujets grecs un questionnaire écrit basé sur trois paradigmes classiques de la théorie de l'équilibration. Comme prévu, d'importantes différences interculturelles sont apparues dans les réponses des deux groupes, l'effet de compensation équilibrante s'avérant inexistant chez les Grecs. De plus, à l'intérieur même du groupe américain, les sujets universitaires se distinguent de façon marquée du reste de leurs compatriotes. Les auteurs discutent la validité d'un modèle de consistance cognitive opérant universellement comme une tendance irrésistible à résoudre les déséquilibres cognitifs par un ajustement automatique des attitudes. 相似文献
912.
A procedure for generating values of central processing uncertainty was developed from positive response data in a varied-set version of the Sternberg choice reaction task. This is a logical extension of a previously validated procedure for data from a fixed-set version of the same task. Both procedures provide information on the additive components of reaction time. It was concluded that S resolves more uncertainty in the varied-set than in the fixed-set situation. It was concluded also that S performs a rechecking operation prior to emitting a negative response, and this rechecking apparently involves less information than does the original testing for stimulus classification. This, in turn, suggests that rechecking is a self-terminating process with regard to display information. The results also imply that stimulus classification is partially serial and partially parallel, so a hybrid model may be appropriate for this task. 相似文献
913.
Arthur S. Reber 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1973,13(1):133-138
There are currently two theoretical interpretations of the pattern of errors that Ss make in attempting to locate the position of a click in a message. One is based upon lexical sequences in the message (the linguistic hypothesis), and the other is based upon attenti6nal priorities, memory factors, and response biases (the attentional hypothesis). This experiment was designed to differentiate between them. By orthogonally varying the temporal location of the major syntactic break and the position of the click, it was possible to control for effects of serial position and memory. In addition, a subliminal control group was run to evalute Ss’ response biases. Little evidence was found to support the linguistic hypothesis; considerable support was found for at least a qualitative version of the attentional hypothesis. 相似文献
914.
Ovide F. Pomerleau Arthur G. Snapper William N. Schoenfeld 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1969,4(1):52-58
The effects of Pavlovian conditioning on diurnal cardiac rate were studied in four rhesus monkeys. A three-hour conditioning period, consisting of 18 CS-UCS pairings with UCS an aversive tail-shock, produced cardiac-rate elevation which persisted for as long as 12 hours after the session. 相似文献
915.
A notational system has been developed that can be used to describe most reinforcement schedules or other sequential procedures by appropriately interconnecting the basic notational units. The notational language has been applied in the past to develop a user-oriented computer program for behavioral experiments. The present paper describes a digital logic module designed to be isomorphic with the basic unit of the notational language, thus permitting rapid programming of new experiments directly from the notational system. The major advantage of the new module is that it requires no electronic sophistication on the part of the user, since the one module serves as the basic unit of all experiments. 相似文献
916.
The present study investigated the relationship of reaction time with the plasma concentration of four different formulations
of diazepam (liquid, original, new, and generic). On four separate days, over a 4-month period, subjects with normal gastric
pH (N=7) were administered each of the diazepam formulations. Blood samples were obtained prior to each dose and at subsequent
intervals. Likewise, reaction times were evaluated prior to dosing and then at ten different intervals post-dosing. As hypothesized,
reaction time performance was associated with plasma diazepam concentration, regardless of formulation type. This suggests
that reaction time is a sensitive measure of cerebral functioning for individuals who are treated with diazepam. In addition
to providing a measure of drug effects on cognitive functioning, the results of this study have implications concerning possible
hazards of operating machinery or driving motor vehicles for individuals being treated with diazepam. 相似文献
917.
This study investigated whether individualism-collectivism (cultural) differences would account for the observed relationship between ethnic group status and affective responses to and fairness perceptions of affirmative action interventions. Forty-nine international (Latin America and East Asia), 116 minority, and 106 majority participants from a major southwestern university and its community provided fairness and affective response ratings to an affirmative action scenario. Implementation policy and qualification of the recipient were also manipulated. Though ethnicity was related to individualism-collectivism, the latter did not explain any variance in affective response ratings. Minority and international participants reported more positive affect and higher agreement and fairness levels than did majority participants. Participants in the preferential treatment and equally qualified conditions had more favorable responses than those in the reverse-discrimination and less qualified conditions. 相似文献
918.
Arthur H. Goodwin Kenneth J. Sher 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1992,14(1):81-92
Recent studies suggest deficits in set-shifting ability in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as measured by tasks such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST; Berg, 1948). The present study examined the extent to which these deficits were demonstrated by nonclinical subjects selected on the basis of their checking scores on the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory. A multivariate analysis revealed that frequent checkers performed significantly worse on the WCST than noncheckers, making more total errors and more perseverative errors and requiring more time to complete the test. A follow-up analysis on a subset of the original sample found similar performance deficits in checkers. While the poorer performance of checkers could be statistically accounted for by anxiety during the first administration of the WCST, anxiety could not explain the relationship between checking status and WCST performance at follow-up. Therefore, there does appear to be some relationship between checking status and WCST performance beyond what can be explained by affective variables. 相似文献
919.
Andres J. Pumariega M.D. Jeffrey W. Swanson Ph.D. Charles E. Holzer Ph.D. Arthur O. Linskey Ph.D. Ruben Quintero-Salinas M.Psy. 《Journal of child and family studies》1992,1(1):75-92
Much emphasis has been placed on the significant substance abuse problem being faced by Hispanic as well as other minority youth in the United States. However, little research has focused on the relative importance of culturally determined factors in the development of substance abuse in Hispanic youths. In this study, we propose an approach to measuring cultural factors through the activity orientations that youths endorse. We studied over 4000 Mexican-American and Mexican youths living along the U.S.-Mexico border with respect to their recent drug use, problem drug use, depressive symptomatology, and their activity orientation. While culturally related activity orientation does significantly increase risk for substance abuse, we found that symptoms of distress/depression and sociodemographic factors exerted a stronger effect on these youths. 相似文献
920.
Rubinstein Eli A. Heft Harry Lawson Robert B. Leccese Arthur P. 《The Psychological record》1992,42(3):447-452
The Psychological Record - 相似文献