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141.
Transgender youth and life-threatening behaviors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sexual minority status is a key risk factor for suicide among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth; however, it has not been studied among transgender youth. Fifty-five transgender youth reported on their life-threatening behaviors. Nearly half of the sample reported having seriously thought about taking their lives and one quarter reported suicide attempts. Factors significantly related to having made a suicide attempt included suicidal ideation related to transgender identity; experiences of past parental verbal and physical abuse; and lower body esteem, especially weight satisfaction and thoughts of how others evaluate the youths' bodies. Sexual minority status is a key risk factor for life-threatening behaviors among transgender youth. 相似文献
142.
Research on the qualities and characteristics that individuals value in those from whom they seek “career help” is very limited. Existing studies provide little insight into the meaning behind the labels individuals use to identify valued qualities and characteristics. We address this neglected area using qualitative interviews based on life story method whereby individuals identified informal and professional career helpers and the qualities and characteristics they valued in these helpers. Meanings are explored, qualities and characteristics conceptualized and a new conceptual framework showing the relationship between concepts is developed. Findings give rise to a discussion about the value and meaning of knowledge, impartiality, power and influence from the perspective of individuals in receipt of career help, and in so doing we challenge some commonly accepted discourse about these concepts in the academic and professional careers literature. 相似文献
143.
Craig M. Becker Marry A. Glascoff Terri Mitchell Thomas W. Durham William Arnold 《Journal of applied social psychology》2007,37(2):227-242
Health assessments have been integral in the development of health behavior and policy recommendations. As the nation's health status improves, information about positive health is needed to continue development of appropriate behavior and policy recommendations. In this study, perceived health, health behaviors, health care usage, and how participants defined health were assessed. Using reported health-promoting behaviors, respondents were grouped into high-, middle-, and low-health groups. Analyses found statistically significant differences ( p <.05) for all health behaviors reported and for life satisfaction. Each group's understanding of health also differed significantly. Results document the discriminating value and importance of positive health-promoting behaviors beyond their traditional role in prevention. Recommendations for health professionals' use of positive health assessments are discussed. 相似文献
144.
145.
Previous studies on the development of coping have shown rather inconsistent findings regarding the developmental trajectories for different coping dimensions. The aim of this study is to search for possible influences that might explain these inconsistencies. The analysis focuses on methodological influences (longitudinal vs. cross-sectional assessments) and situational influences. Two samples of children were traced longitudinally with yearly assessments from grade 2 to 5 (sample 1, N =432) and from grade 4 to 7 (sample 2, N =366). A third sample (N =849) was added with cross-sectional assessments from grade 2 to 7. The assessed coping dimensions were related to (a) problem solving, (b) seeking social support, (c) palliative coping, (d) externalizing emotional coping, and (e) avoidant coping. The use of the coping strategies had to be assessed for six stress-evoking situations. The results show only small differences between the longitudinal and the cross-sectional coping assessments. There are, however, clear situational influences on the choice of the coping strategies and also on the resulting developmental trajectories. 相似文献
146.
Cynthia R. Johnson Benjamin L. Handen Eric Butter Ann Wagner James Mulick Denis G. Sukhodolsky Susan Williams Naomi A. Swiezy L. Eugene Arnold Michael G. Aman Lawrence Scahill Kimberly A. Stigler Christopher J. McDougle Benedetto Vitiello Tristram Smith 《Behavioral Interventions》2007,22(3):201-221
Parent delivered interventions based on applied behavior analysis (ABA) for children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) have been evaluated using primarily single‐subject design methodology or small case series. While the results of these evaluations are encouraging, an important next step is to standardize the interventions to allow for replication across sites, in studies with large samples and measures of long‐term, clinically meaningful outcomes such as improvements in children's functioning and their relationships with parents. Accordingly, the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Psychosocial Interventions (RUPP Autism Network) assembled a detailed manual for a structured behavioral parent training (PT) program, developed treatment fidelity and training procedures, and conducted a pilot, feasibility study. The PT program is part of a large scale, multisite study intended to determine the efficacy of combined pharmacological treatment and behavioral intervention to improve behavior and adaptive functioning in children with PDD. This paper discusses the rationale for this project. A companion paper provides the results of our feasibility study on the PT program. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
147.
Carlos David Navarrete reas Olsson Arnold K. Ho Wendy Berry Mendes Lotte Thomsen James Sidanius 《Psychological science》2009,20(2):155-158
ABSTRACT— Conditioning studies on humans and other primates show that fear responses acquired toward danger-relevant stimuli, such as snakes, resist extinction, whereas responses toward danger-irrelevant stimuli, such as birds, are more readily extinguished. Similar evolved biases may extend to human groups, as recent research demonstrates that a conditioned fear response to faces of persons of a social out-group resists extinction, whereas fear toward a social in-group is more readily extinguished. Here, we provide an important extension to previous work by demonstrating that this fear-extinction bias occurs solely when the exemplars are male. These results underscore the importance of considering how gender of the target stimulus affects psychological and physiological responses to out-group threat. 相似文献
148.
Dr Despoina Xanthopoulou Arnold B. Bakker Evangelia Demerouti Wilmar B. Schaufeli 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2009,82(1):183-200
This study investigates how daily fluctuations in job resources (autonomy, coaching, and team climate) are related to employees' levels of personal resources (self‐efficacy, self‐esteem, and optimism), work engagement, and financial returns. Forty‐two employees working in three branches of a fast‐food company completed a questionnaire and a diary booklet over 5 consecutive workdays. Consistent with hypotheses, multi‐level analyses revealed that day‐level job resources had an effect on work engagement through day‐level personal resources, after controlling for general levels of personal resources and engagement. Day‐level coaching had a direct positive relationship with day‐level work engagement, which, in‐turn, predicted daily financial returns. Additionally, previous days' coaching had a positive, lagged effect on next days' work engagement (through next days' optimism), and on next days' financial returns. 相似文献
149.
Trehub A 《Consciousness and cognition》2009,18(1):339-40; discussion 341
Contra Praetorius (2009), I present two brief arguments which support the existence within the human brain of a pre-reflective core self. 相似文献
150.
Stephanie Danner Mary A. Fristad L. Eugene Arnold Eric A. Youngstrom Boris Birmaher Sarah M. Horwitz Christine Demeter Robert L. Findling Robert A. Kowatch The LAMS Group 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(3):271-293
Since the mid 1990s, early-onset bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSDs) have received increased attention in both the popular
press and scholarly press. Rates of diagnosis of BPSD in children and adolescents have increased in inpatient, outpatient,
and primary care settings. BPSDs remain difficult to diagnose, particularly in youth. The current diagnostic system makes
few modifications to accommodate children and adolescents. Researchers in this area have developed specific BPSD definitions
that affect the generalizability of their findings to all youth with BPSD. Despite knowledge gains from the research, BPSDs
are still difficult to diagnose because clinicians must: (1) consider the impact of the child’s developmental level on symptom
presentation (e.g., normative behavior prevalence, environmental limitations on youth behavior, pubertal status, irritability,
symptom duration); (2) weigh associated impairment and course of illness (e.g., neurocognitive functioning, failing to meet
full DSM criteria, future impairment); and (3) make decisions about appropriate assessment (differentiating BPSD from medical
illnesses, medications, drug use, or other psychiatric diagnoses that might better account for symptoms; comorbid disorders;
informant characteristics and assessment measures to use). Research findings concerning these challenges and relevant recommendations
are offered. Areas for further research to guide clinicians’ assessment of children with early-onset BPSD are highlighted.
Principal Investigators and Coinvestigators of Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) Group are listed in Appendix. 相似文献