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231.
Sherry A. M. Steenwyk David C. Atkins Jamie D. Bedics Bernard E. Whitley Jr. 《The International journal for the psychology of religion》2013,23(2):85-96
The purpose of the present study was to (a) re-evaluate a model of God images based on masculine and feminine characteristics and (b) examine how God images relate to hopelessness and life satisfaction, while controlling for additional religious variables. Participants were 254 college students. A factor analysis indicated that God images did not fall into primarily masculine or feminine factors, rather into Loving, Controlling, and Permissive God factors. Individually, these factors were not found to be significant predictors of hopelessness in a regression analysis, when religious service, participant gender, and religious orientation were controlled. However, an interaction between participant gender and the Controlling God factor indicated that women with more controlling images of God experienced more hopelessness, whereas men with more controlling images of God experienced less hopelessness. Results are discussed in relation to parental styles and gender differences as contributing factors in determining one's image of God. 相似文献
232.
The mental representation of objects can imply motion and momentum. This can be explored by investigating a distortion in recognition memory for pictures that depict objects “frozen” in mid-air, implying motion. This distortion is called representational momentum (RM). Recent functional neuroimaging studies have suggested that the V5/MT system (the area of the brain thought to be responsible for perceptual processing of motion) is involved in the mediation of RM. The results of these studies are reviewed here. However the presence of functional activity revealed in brain imaging studies does not mean that this part of the brain is necessary for a particular cognitive task. A greater degree of functional necessity can be inferred by disrupting function in that part of the brain. One way in which this can be done is with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS, a method of temporarily suspending cortical activity). We extended the findings of the previous fMRI experiments by using TMS in conjunction with an RM paradigm. Repetitive magnetic stimulation to V5/MT during the so-called freeze-frame RM task resulted in an absence of the stereotypical distortion in recognition memory (compared to stimulation at the vertex) for approximately 60% of 相似文献
233.
Issac C. Robledo Kimberly S. Hester David R. Peterson Jamie D. Barrett Eric A. Day Dean P. Hougen 《创造力研究杂志》2013,25(2-3):220-234
People make errors in their creative problem-solving efforts. The intent of this article was to assess whether error-management training would improve performance on creative problem-solving tasks. Undergraduates were asked to solve an educational leadership problem known to call for creative thought where problem solutions were scored for quality, originality, and elegance. Prior to beginning work on their problem solutions, participants were provided with training in 0 to 4 error-management strategies. It was found that error-management training was beneficial for talented people (as indicated by scores on the pretraining exercise) resulting in solutions of greater originality. The implications of these findings for improving performance on creative problem-solving tasks are discussed. 相似文献
234.
The identical elements (IE) theory of fact representation (Rickard, 2005) proposes that memorized facts that are composed
of identical elements (e.g., 6 × 8 = 48 and 8 × 6 = 48) share a common representation in memory, whereas facts with nonidentical
elements (e.g., 6 × 8 = 48 and 48 ÷ 8 = 6) are represented separately in memory. The IE model has been successfully applied
to the transfer of practice in simple multiplication and division, in transition from procedure-based to retrieval-based performance,
and in cued episodic recall. In the present article, we examined the effects of practicing simple addition problems (e.g.,
3 + 6 = 9) on the performance of corresponding subtraction problems (9 − 6 = 3), and vice versa. According to IE theory, there
should be no transfer of retrieval savings between addition and subtraction facts if performance is based on discrete IE fact
representations. Cross-operation response time savings were observed, however, for both small, well-memorized problems (e.g.,
practice 3 + 2, test 5 − 2) and larger problems (6 + 8, 14 − 6), and they were statistically robust when trials that were
self-reported as direct retrieval were analyzed. The transfer of retrieval practice savings between facts with nonidentical
elements challenges IE theory as a comprehensive model of transfer in memory retrieval. 相似文献
235.
236.
Nathan A. Heflick Jamie L. Goldenberg Elisa Puvia 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2011,47(3):572-581
Most literally, objectification refers to perceiving a person as an object, and consequently, less than fully human. Research on perceptions of humanness and the stereotype content model suggests that humanness is linked to perceptions of warmth, morality and competence. Merging these insights with objectification theory, we hypothesized that focusing on a woman's, but not a man's, appearance should induce objectification, and thus reduce perceptions of these characteristics. In three studies, females, but not males, were perceived as less competent (Studies 2 and 3) and less warm and moral (Studies 1, 2 and 3) when participants were instructed to focus on their appearance. These findings support our position and help rule out stereotype activation as an alternative explanation to dehumanization. Further, they generalized to targets of different races, familiarity, physical attractiveness and occupational status. Implications for gender inequity and the perpetuation of objectification of women are discussed. 相似文献
237.
The cultural intelligence hypothesis (CIH) claims that humans’ advanced cognition is a direct result of human culture and that children are uniquely specialized to absorb and utilize this cultural experience ( Tomasello, 2000 ). Comparative data demonstrating that 2.5‐year‐old human children outperform apes on measures of social cognition but not on measures of physical cognition support this claim ( Herrmann et al., 2007 ). However, the previous study failed to control for rearing when comparing these two species. Specifically, the human children were raised in a human culture whereas the apes were raised in standard sanctuary settings. To further explore the CIH, here we compared the performance on multiple measures of social and physical cognition in a group of standard reared apes raised in conditions typical of zoo and biomedical laboratory settings to that of apes reared in an enculturated socio‐communicatively rich environment. Overall, the enculturated apes significantly outperformed their standard reared counterparts on the cognitive tasks and this was particularly true for measures of communication. Furthermore, the performance of the enculturated apes was very similar to previously reported data from 2.5‐year‐old children. We conclude that apes who are reared in a human‐like socio‐communicatively rich environment develop superior communicative abilities compared to apes reared in standard laboratory settings, which supports some assumptions of the cultural intelligence hypothesis. 相似文献
238.
Omri Gillath Mark J. Landau Emre Selcuk Jamie L. Goldenberg 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2011,47(6):1219-1224
According to life history theory, environmental cues indicating that one's future survivability is low increase reproductive effort. This suggests that exposure to low survivability cues will increase people's preparedness to engage in sex. However, according to sexual selection theory and parental investment theory, evolutionary pressures favored a more conservative sexual strategy among women compared to men. We therefore hypothesized that men, but not women, would respond to low survivability cues with increased sexual preparedness. Accordingly, both subliminal and supraliminal death primes (as compared with control primes) led men, but not women, to exhibit increased physiological arousal in response to sexual images (Study 1), and stronger approach-oriented behavioral responses to sexual images (Study 2). Theoretical implications for life history theory are discussed. 相似文献
239.
240.
David P. Costanza Nikki Blacksmith Meredith R. Coats Jamie B. Severt Arwen H. DeCostanza 《Journal of business and psychology》2016,31(3):361-381