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Armin W. Schulz 《Philosophical Studies》2011,152(2):271-285
In this paper, I argue that a natural selection-based perspective gives reasons for thinking that the core of the ability
to mindread cognitively complex mental states is subserved by a simulationist process—that is, that it relies on non-specialised
mechanisms in the attributer’s cognitive architecture whose primary function is the generation of her own decisions and inferences.
In more detail, I try to establish three conclusions. First, I try to make clearer what the dispute between simulationist
and non-simulationist theories of mindreading fundamentally is about. Second, I try to make more precise an argument that
is sometimes hinted at in support of the former: this ‘argument from simplicity’ suggests that, since natural selection disfavours
building extra cognitive systems where this can be avoided, simulationist theories of mindreading are more in line with natural
selection than their competitors. As stated, though, this argument overlooks the fact that building extra cognitive systems
can also yield benefits: in particular, it can allow for the parallel processing of multiple problems and it makes for the
existence of backups for important elements of the organism’s mind. I therefore try to make this argument more precise by
investigating whether these benefits also apply to the present case—and conclude negatively. My third aim in this paper is
to use this discussion of mindreading as a means for exploring the promises and difficulties of evolutionary arguments in
philosophy and psychology more generally. 相似文献
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Armin Schmidtke 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》1997,27(1):127-136
In many European countries, suicidal behavior constitutes a major public and mental health problem. In most countries, the number of suicides is significantly higher than the number of deaths due to traffic accidents. According to official figures, the suicide rates among European countries differ widely; for example, Hungary has the highest rates. Suicide attempt rates, based on data from the WHO/Euro Multicentre project on Parasuicide, equally show variation; for example, the highest average rate of suicide attempts is for Helsinki, Finland. This paper outlines the epidemiological findings and then presents some hypotheses (e.g., age, ethnic difference) to explain the differences. 相似文献
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Psychological Research - Visually perceived motion can affect observers’ motor control in such a way that an intended action can be activated automatically when it contains similar spatial... 相似文献