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José Eugenio Ortega 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(5-6):41-49
RESUMENJosé Eugenio Ortega presenta este dossier sobre el lenguaje de los antropoides repasando algunos intentos de enseñar lenguaje a chimpancés y recordando la gran influencia del “Proyecto Washoe” en investigaciones posteriores desde distintas perspectivas. A continuación explica la clasificación de orden de los primates y las características que hacen de los chimpancés los sujetos idóneos para este tipo de estudios y aborda la polémica entre los grupos que siguen distintos procedimientos respecto a cuál es la metodología correcta, afirmando que en todos los trabajos de lenguaje de antropoides ha habido fallos en el control de variables. En la última parte explica cuatro posturas de los investigadores a la hora de interpretar los resultados de sus estudios, finalizando con algunas reflexiones en torno a las implicaciones de estos trabajos con relación a los de Darwin y manifestando que el estudio de las capacidades de simbolización de los antropoides puede aportar bastantes datos al problema de la evolución humana. 相似文献
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Daphne Koinis-Mitchell Elizabeth L. McQuaid Sheryl J. Kopel Cynthia A. Esteban Alexander N. Ortega Ronald Seifer Cynthia Garcia-Coll Robert Klein Elizabeth Cespedes Glorisa Canino Gregory K. Fritz 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(1):38-48
The objective of this study was to examine associations between specific dimensions of the multi-dimensional cumulative risk index (CRI) and asthma morbidity in urban, school-aged children from African American, Latino and Non-Latino White backgrounds. An additional goal of the study was to identify the proportion of families that qualify for high-risk status on each dimension of the CRI by ethnic group. A total of 264 children with asthma, ages 7–15 (40% female; 76% ethnic minority) and their primary caregivers completed interview-based questionnaires assessing cultural, contextual, and asthma-specific risks that can impact asthma morbidity. Higher levels of asthma-related risks were associated with more functional morbidity for all groups of children, despite ethnic group background. Contextual and cultural risk dimensions contributed to more morbidity for African-American and Latino children. Analyses by Latino ethnic subgroup revealed that contextual and cultural risks are significantly related to more functional morbidity for Puerto Rican children compared to Dominican children. Findings suggest which type of risks may more meaningfully contribute to variations in asthma morbidity for children from specific ethnic groups. These results can inform culturally sensitive clinical interventions for urban children with asthma whose health outcomes lag far behind their non-Latino White counterparts. 相似文献
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Alexandra M. Hogan Javier Virues‐Ortega Ana Baya Botti Romola Bucks John W. Holloway Matthew J. Rose‐Zerilli Lyle J. Palmer Rebecca J. Webster Torsten Baldeweg Fenella J. Kirkham 《Developmental science》2010,13(3):533-544
Millions of people currently live at altitudes in excess of 2500 metres, where oxygen supply is limited, but very little is known about the development of brain and behavioural function under such hypoxic conditions. We describe the physiological, cognitive and behavioural profile of a large cohort of infants (6–12 months), children (6–10 years) and adolescents (13–16 years) who were born and are living at three altitude locations in Bolivia (~500 m, ~2500 m and ~3700 m). Level of haemoglobin oxygen saturation and end‐tidal carbon dioxide were significantly lower in all age groups living above 2500 metres, confirming the presence of hypoxia and hypocapnia, but without any detectable detriment to health. Infant measures of neurodevelopment and behaviour yielded comparable results across altitude groups. Neuropsychological assessment in children and adolescent groups indicated a minor reduction in psychomotor speed with increasing altitude, with no effect of age. This may result from slowing of underlying brain activity in parallel with reduced cerebral metabolism and blood flow, evidenced here by reduced cerebral blood flow velocity, particularly in the basilar artery, in children and adolescents. The proportion of European, Native American and African genetic admixture was comparable across altitude groups, suggesting that adaptation to high altitude in these children occurred in response to chronic hypoxic exposure irrespective of ethnic origin. Thus, psychomotor slowing is proposed to be an adaptive rather than a deficient trait, perhaps enabling accuracy of mental activity in hypoxic conditions. 相似文献
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Critical Incidents in Multicultural Supervision: Exploring Supervisees' and Supervisors' Experiences
Rebecca L. Toporek Lideth Ortega‐Villalobos Donald B. Pope‐Davis 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2004,32(2):66-83
Reports of supervisors' and supervisees' critical incidents in multicultural supervision were used to (a) explore events in supervision that influenced supervisees' multicultural competence, (b) explore how supervision was experienced differently by supervisors and supervisees, and (c) identify recommendations for improving multicultural supervision. Implications for training and research are discussed. Los reportes de incidentes críticos en la supervisión multicultural fueron utilizados para (a) explorar los acontecimientos en la supervisión que influyeron la competencia multicultural de los supervisados (b) explorar cómo la supervisión fue experimentada diferentemente por los supervisores y los supervisados e (c) identificar recomendaciones para mejorar la supervisión multicultural. Se discuten las implicaciones para la instrucción e investigación en esta area. 相似文献
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A simple inexpensive IBM I/O Selectric typewriter controller is described. The board plugs into an RS-232 port and enables letter-quality output. Computers with editing capabilities can therefore be used as word processors for as little as $35, about 8 h of labor, and the cost of the typewriter. The controller is a firmware-governed microprocessor, and as a result, it is easily tailored for special applications. Hardware and software are discussed. 相似文献
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R Páramo Ortega 《Psyche》1991,45(1):61-83
Anyone wishing to practice the "impossible profession" must once again overcome the resistances that originally produced the insights of psychoanalysis. Training analysts and institute faculty members pass on their successful as well as their failed attempts to surmount these resistances to the next generation. Herein lies the danger that the quality of training may decline as well as the opportunity to enrich psychoanalytic knowledge. 相似文献
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A microprocessor-based in-circuit emulator is described. The emulator is for 6802, 6808, and 6809 microprocessors. It does not operate at full bus speed or execute instructions from the target machine. It is designed to be an inexpensive debugging tool for 6800 family microprocessors. It will identify design or construction errors relatively quickly by executing a set of diagnostics from firmware. 相似文献
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Recent research has shown that the acquisition of a second cue–outcome association can interfere with responding appropriate to a previously acquired association between another cue and the same outcome, even if the two cues had never received compound training (Matute & Pineño, 1998a). This is similar to other results in the paired-associate literature but it is problematic for associative theories of learning because all of them assume that compound training is necessary for cues to interfere with each other. However, given several assumptions, a recent revision of Wagner's (1981) SOP model proposed by Dickinson and Burke (1996) could account for most of the data available on interference between elementally trained cues. According to the modified SOP model, the target cue that is paired with the outcome during Phase 1 could acquire an inhibitory association with the outcome during the Phase 2 trials in which the interfering cue is trained and the target cue is absent. This inhibitory association could be responsible for the weak responding observed to the target cue during testing because it could interfere with the excitatory association acquired during Phase 1. If this is true, interference should be weaker as the number of Phase 2 interfering trials is reduced. However, the three experiments reported here show that interference can occur even when only one interfering trial is given during Phase 2. The results of these experiments, along with other results in the literature, add support to the idea that interference between elementally trained cues occurs during retrieval and that it is not due to the formation of inhibitory associations between an absent cue and the outcome. 相似文献