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101.
Watanabe Shigeru Scheich Henning Braun Katharina Shinozuka Kazutaka 《Animal cognition》2022,25(1):33-41
Animal Cognition - Phobia against spiders or snakes is common in humans, and similar phobia-like behaviors have been observed in non-human animals. Visual images of snakes elicit phobia in humans,... 相似文献
102.
The causal flows between the processes responsible for illusory contour clarity, brightness, and apparent depth in the Kanizsa square were examined. The sixty-four stimuli used consisted of all possible combinations of eight disk luminances and eight centre-to-centre separations between nearest disks. Ten subjects were instructed to rate the clarity of the illusory contour and the brightness and apparent depth differences between the Kanizsa square and its surround in each stimulus. On the basis of results obtained with the causal inference method, using partial correlations and path analysis, it is suggested that clarity of illusory contour can be influenced directly by disk separation, and that the output from the process responsible for illusory contour clarity has some effect on the processes responsible for the apparent depth and brightness differences. 相似文献
103.
Shoichi Onda Hiroki Watanabe Takeshi I. Okamoto Hiroyuki Kondo Hideyuki Uehigashi 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2015,95(10):489-495
The Burgers vectors of the so-called threading screw dislocations (a total of 28 dislocations) in 4H-SiC were determined by large-angle convergent-beam electron diffraction. A new type of TSD, that is, b = c + 2a dislocation, was identified. Thus, all of the four types of TSD predicted by Onda et al. [Phil. Mag. Lett. 93 (2013) p.591] were identified. 相似文献
104.
Morito Akiyama Chao-Nan Xu Masanori Taira Kazuhiro Nonaka Tadahiko Watanabe 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(9):735-740
We have investigated the dependence of the mechanoluminescence intensity from Sr3Al2O6: Eu on compressive stress. The distribution of the mechanoluminescence intensity, which is clearly visible to the naked eye, is consistent with the calculated stress distribution. The luminescence centre has been identified as the Eu2+ ion from spectra of the mechanoluminescence and also from photoluminescence studies of Sr3Al2O6: Eu. The mechanoluminescence intensity decreases on repetitive application of stress but recovers completely on irradiation with ultraviolet light. The Sr3Al2O6: Eu is a p-type semiconductor and has hole traps of depth 0.11 eV. It is suggested that the mechanoluminescence mechanism arises from the movement of dislocations and recombination between electrons and holes released from these traps which are associated with Eu2+ centres. 相似文献
105.
The effect of magnetic crystallization on texture evolution and control in nanocrystalline materials has been studied using a melt-spun amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy. The magnetic crystallization was conducted at temperatures ranging from 653 to 853?K in a magnetic field up to 6?T. The temperatures used for magnetic crystallization were chosen on the basis of the Curie and crystallization temperatures of the amorphous phase, and the Curie temperature of the crystallized phase. The resultant microstructure was characterized by X-ray diffraction and FE-SEM/EBSP/OIM techniques. It was found that a sharp {110} texture developed when the amorphous precursor was crystallized at 853?K in a magnetic field of 6?T applied in a direction parallel to the ribbon surface. 相似文献
106.
Tadao Watanabe Ken-Ichi Arai Kyosuke Yoshimi Hiroshi Oikawa 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(2):47-52
Abstract The type and frequency of grain boundaries, the so-called grain boundary character distribution (GBCD), has been determined in rapidly solidified and subsequently annealed Fe-6·5 mass% Si alloy ribbon by the scanning electron microscopy-electron channelling pattern (SEM-ECP) technique. High frequencies of low-angle boundaries and coincidence boundaries with Σ3, Σ9, Σ11, Σ17 and Σ19 were observed in a fully annealed ribbon with well defined {110} texture. The total frequency of low-angle boundaries and coincidence boundaries is almost one-half of all grain boundaries. The coincidence boundaries which occurred more frequently are exactly those predicted theoretically from the coincidence orientations for 〈110〉 rotation in cubic crystals, similar to those observed previously in {100} textured ribbons of the same alloy produced by the same processing method. The presence of a close relationship between the type of texture and GBCD has been confirmed by experiment on differently textured ribbons of the same material. 相似文献
107.
Based on a circumplex model of facial affect, four inner affective circumplexes, assumed to have 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% emotional intensities, were investigated in terms of fractal, which is a concept of complex systems. Results revealed that the perimeters of the circumplex excluding the 25% condition possessed fractal property characterised by features specific to fractals. Results also showed that fractal dimension in the 50% condition (1.58 dimension) was significantly higher than that in the 100% (1.45 dimension) and 75% (1.45 dimension) conditions, indicating that the cognitive structure of facial affect in the 50% condition was more complex than that in the 100% and 75% conditions. 相似文献
108.
Previous studies suggest that non-human animals can discriminate two different artworks (such as music or paintings) that
were created by humans. However, such studies rarely examined whether those animals were reinforced by one artwork more than
another. It has been shown that music composed by humans has both discriminative and reinforcing properties when played for
Java sparrows. Here, we investigated the effects of another artistic medium in Java sparrows, namely paintings. The first
experiment tested the reinforcing properties. Staying time at three painting categories—Japanese, cubist, and impressionist—was
measured as an index of their reinforcing properties. The second experiment used operant conditioning to reveal the discriminative
properties of the different artistic styles of such paintings. Results suggest that the paintings have both discriminative
and reinforcing properties for Java sparrows. However, the reinforcing properties vary from individual to individual. This
is the first report demonstrating reinforcing properties of visual artworks in non-human animals. 相似文献
109.
Aaron R. Seitz Athanassios Protopapas Yoshiaki Tsushima Eleni L. Vlahou Simone Gori Stephen Grossberg Takeo Watanabe 《Cognition》2010,115(3):435-443
Learning a second language as an adult is particularly effortful when new phonetic representations must be formed. Therefore the processes that allow learning of speech sounds are of great theoretical and practical interest. Here we examined whether perception of single formant transitions, that is, sound components critical in speech perception, can be enhanced through an implicit task-irrelevant learning procedure that has been shown to produce visual perceptual learning. The single-formant sounds were paired at subthreshold levels with the attended targets in an auditory identification task. Results showed that task-irrelevant learning occurred for the unattended stimuli. Surprisingly, the magnitude of this learning effect was similar to that following explicit training on auditory formant transition detection using discriminable stimuli in an adaptive procedure, whereas explicit training on the subthreshold stimuli produced no learning. These results suggest that in adults learning of speech parts can occur at least partially through implicit mechanisms. 相似文献
110.
Kaeko Yokota Hirokazu Iwami Kazumi Watanabe Goro Fujita Shoichi Watanabe 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2004,1(2):139-151
Hostage taking incidents in which the police besiege a particular location are known as hostage barricade incidents. The first aim of the present article was to examine the process of risk assessment in hostage incidents, using a group of police officers as the sample. The second aim was to identify the risk factors involved in hostage incidents and examine the degree of concordance between the risk as assessed by the police officers and the figures obtained from the analysis of actual hostage barricade incidents. For the purpose of this study, a survey was carried out across Japan, and 45 police officers responsible for hostage negotiation responded to the questionnaires. Additionally, a sample of 116 actual hostage barricade incidents that occurred in Japan from 1970 to 2002 was utilised to examine the high risk factors involved in such cases. As per the results, a majority of the police officers (73.3%), in response to an open‐ended question, indicated that the highly excited state of the hostage takers was dangerous for the hostages. Moreover, it was demonstrated in all 116 incidents that several factors such as ‘a long siege’ tended to increase the risk of deaths, though this was very rare (n = 4). On the other hand, the proportion of injuries to the hostages was high in expressive situations such as domestic situations or suicide attempt scenarios. On the whole, the results obtained from the analyses of actual incidents were consistent with those obtained from the police officers' risk assessment in many respects. However, the correlation between the degree of risk as assessed by the police officers and the actual rate of deaths/injuries to the hostages was very low. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献